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Cloning（克隆）:Future Perlect?
1 A clone is an exact copy of a plant or animal produced from any one cell.Since Scottish
scientists reported that they had managed to clone a sheep named Dolly in 1997,research
into cloning has grown rapidly.In May 1998,scientists in Massachusetts managed to
create two identical calves（牛犊）using cloning technology. A mouse has also been
cloned successfully.But the debate over cloning humans really started when Chicago
physicist Richard Seed made a surprising announcement:"We will have managed to clone
a human being within the next two years."he told the world.
2 Seed's announcement provoked a lot of media attention,most of it negative,In Europe,
nineteen nations have already signed an agreement banning human cloning and in the
U.S. the President announced:"We will be introducing a law to ban all human cloning and
many states in the U. S. will have passed anti-cloning laws by the end of the year."
3 Many researchers are not so negative about cloning.They are worried that laws banning
human cloning will threaten important research.In March,The New England Journal of
Medicine called any plan to ban research on cloning humans seriously mistaken.Many
researchers also believe that in spite of attempts to ban it,human cloning will have become
routine by 2010 because it is impossible to stop the progress of science.
4 Is there reason to fear that cloning will lead to a nightmare world?The public has been
bombarded（轰炸）with newspaper articles, television shows and films, as well as
cartoons.Such information is often misleading,and makes people wonder what on earth
the scientists will be doing next.
5 Within the next five to ten years scientists will probably have found a way of cloning
humans.It could be that pretty soon we will be able to choose the person that we want our
child to look like,But how would it feel to be a clone among hundreds,the anti-cloners
ask. Pretty cool, answer the pro-cloners（赞成克隆的人）.
Richard Seed claimed to be able to clone_______.
A:the nucleus of a cell
B:cloned human beings
C:a human being in two years
D:a law to ban human cloning
E:a report on human cloning
F:heavy media coverage
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Thirst for Oil
Worldwide every day,we devour the energy equivalent of about 200 million barrels of oil. Most of the energy on Earth comes from the Sun. In fact enough energy from the Sun hits the planet's surface each minute to cover our needs for an entire year,we just need to find an efficient way to use it. So far the energy in oil has been cheaper and easier to get at. But as supplies dwindle,this will change,and we will need to cure our addiction to oil.
Burning wood satisfied most energy needs until the steam-driven industrial revolution,when energy-dense coal became the fuel of choice. Coal is still used,mostly in power sta-tions,to cover one quarter of our energy needs,but its use has been declining since we star-ted pumping up oil. Coal is the least efficient,unhealthiest and most environmentally dama-ging fossil fuel,but could make a comeback,as supplies are still plentiful:its reserves are five times larger than oil's.
Today petroleum,a mineral oil obtained from below the surface of the Earth and used to produce petrol,diesel oil and various other chemical substances,provides around 40% of the world's energy needs,mostly fuelling automobiles. The US consumes a quarter of all oil,and generates a similar proportion of greenhouse gas emissions.
The majority of oil comes from the Middle East,which has half of known reserves. But other significant sources include Russia,North America,Norway,Venezuela and the North Sea. Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge could be a major new US source,to reduce reliance on foreign imports.
Most experts predict we will exhaust easily accessible reserves within 50 years,though opinions and estimates vary. We could fast reach an energy crisis in the next few decades, when demand exceeds supply. As conventional reserves become more difficult to access,oth-ers such as oil shales and tar sands may be used instead. Petrol could also be obtained from coal.
Since we started using fossil fuels,we have released 400 billion tonnes of carbon,and burning the entire reserves could eventually raise world temperatures by 13℃ .Among other horrors,this would result in the destruction of all rainforests and the melting of all
Arctic ice.
What do experts say about the earth's fuel reserves?
A: The earth's fuel reserves will be accessible for the next 50 years.
B: There will soon be an energy crisis.
C: Conventional reserves will soon become inaccessible.
D: Fuel demand will decline.
Thirst for Oil
Worldwide every day,we devour the energy equivalent of about 200 million barrels of oil. Most of the energy on Earth comes from the Sun. In fact enough energy from the Sun hits the planet's surface each minute to cover our needs for an entire year,we just need to find an efficient way to use it. So far the energy in oil has been cheaper and easier to get at. But as supplies dwindle,this will change,and we will need to cure our addiction to oil.
Burning wood satisfied most energy needs until the steam-driven industrial revolution,when energy-dense coal became the fuel of choice. Coal is still used,mostly in power sta-tions,to cover one quarter of our energy needs,but its use has been declining since we star-ted pumping up oil. Coal is the least efficient,unhealthiest and most environmentally dama-ging fossil fuel,but could make a comeback,as supplies are still plentiful:its reserves are five times larger than oil's.
Today petroleum,a mineral oil obtained from below the surface of the Earth and used to produce petrol,diesel oil and various other chemical substances,provides around 40% of the world's energy needs,mostly fuelling automobiles. The US consumes a quarter of all oil,and generates a similar proportion of greenhouse gas emissions.
The majority of oil comes from the Middle East,which has half of known reserves. But other significant sources include Russia,North America,Norway,Venezuela and the North Sea. Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge could be a major new US source,to reduce reliance on foreign imports.
Most experts predict we will exhaust easily accessible reserves within 50 years,though opinions and estimates vary. We could fast reach an energy crisis in the next few decades, when demand exceeds supply. As conventional reserves become more difficult to access,oth-ers such as oil shales and tar sands may be used instead. Petrol could also be obtained from coal.
Since we started using fossil fuels,we have released 400 billion tonnes of carbon,and burning the entire reserves could eventually raise world temperatures by 13℃ .Among other horrors,this would result in the destruction of all rainforests and the melting of all
Arctic ice.
What do experts say about the earth's fuel reserves?
A: The earth's fuel reserves will be accessible for the next 50 years.
B: There will soon be an energy crisis.
C: Conventional reserves will soon become inaccessible.
D: Fuel demand will decline.
共用题干
Why would They Falsely Confess?
Why on earth would an innocent person falsely confess to committing a crime?To most people,it just doesn't seem logical. But it is logical,say experts,if you understand what can happen in a police interrogation（审讯）room.
Under the right conditions,people's minds are susceptible（易受影响的）to influence , and the pressure put on suspects during police grillings（盘问）is enormous. ________ (1)“The pressure is important to understand,because otherwise it's impossible to understand why someone would say he did something he didn't do. The answer is:to put an end to an uncom-fortable situation that will continue until he does confess.”
Developmental psychologist Allison Redlich recently conducted a laboratory study to de- termine how likely people are to confess to things they didn't do.______(2)The research-ers then intentionally crashed the computers and accused the participants of hitting the“alt” key to see if they would sign a statement falsely taking responsibility.
Redlich's findings clearly demonstrate how easy it can be to get people to falsely con- fess:59% percent of the young adults in the experiment immediately confessed. ______(3) of the 15-to 16-year-olds,72 percent signed confessions,as did 78 percent of the 12-to 13- year-olds.
“There's no question that young people are more at risk,”says Saul Kassin,Professor at Williams College,who has done similar studies with similar results.______(4)
Both Kassin and Redlich note that the entire“interrogation” in their experiments consis-ted of a simple accusation一not hours of aggressive questioning一and still,most participants falsely confessed.
Because of the stress of a police interrogation,they conclude,suspects can become con- vinced that falsely confessing is the easiest way out of a bad situation. ______(5)
_______(4)
A: In her experiment,participants were seated at computers and told not to hit the“alt” key,because doing so would crash the systems.
B:“In some ways,”says Kassin,“false confession becomes a rational decision.”
C: “It's a little like somebody's working on them with a dental（牙的）drill , ” says Frank- lin Zimring,a law professor at the University of California at Berkeley.
D:“But adults are highly vulnerable too.”
E: How could an innocent person admit to doing something he didn't do?
F: Redlich also found that the younger the participant,the more likely a false confession.
Why would They Falsely Confess?
Why on earth would an innocent person falsely confess to committing a crime?To most people,it just doesn't seem logical. But it is logical,say experts,if you understand what can happen in a police interrogation（审讯）room.
Under the right conditions,people's minds are susceptible（易受影响的）to influence , and the pressure put on suspects during police grillings（盘问）is enormous. ________ (1)“The pressure is important to understand,because otherwise it's impossible to understand why someone would say he did something he didn't do. The answer is:to put an end to an uncom-fortable situation that will continue until he does confess.”
Developmental psychologist Allison Redlich recently conducted a laboratory study to de- termine how likely people are to confess to things they didn't do.______(2)The research-ers then intentionally crashed the computers and accused the participants of hitting the“alt” key to see if they would sign a statement falsely taking responsibility.
Redlich's findings clearly demonstrate how easy it can be to get people to falsely con- fess:59% percent of the young adults in the experiment immediately confessed. ______(3) of the 15-to 16-year-olds,72 percent signed confessions,as did 78 percent of the 12-to 13- year-olds.
“There's no question that young people are more at risk,”says Saul Kassin,Professor at Williams College,who has done similar studies with similar results.______(4)
Both Kassin and Redlich note that the entire“interrogation” in their experiments consis-ted of a simple accusation一not hours of aggressive questioning一and still,most participants falsely confessed.
Because of the stress of a police interrogation,they conclude,suspects can become con- vinced that falsely confessing is the easiest way out of a bad situation. ______(5)
_______(4)
A: In her experiment,participants were seated at computers and told not to hit the“alt” key,because doing so would crash the systems.
B:“In some ways,”says Kassin,“false confession becomes a rational decision.”
C: “It's a little like somebody's working on them with a dental（牙的）drill , ” says Frank- lin Zimring,a law professor at the University of California at Berkeley.
D:“But adults are highly vulnerable too.”
E: How could an innocent person admit to doing something he didn't do?
F: Redlich also found that the younger the participant,the more likely a false confession.
Flash plants produce hot water through _____.
A.the energy to turn a turbine
B.impermeable rock
C.one or two separators
D.turbine operator
E.little or no water
F.hot springs
A.the energy to turn a turbine
B.impermeable rock
C.one or two separators
D.turbine operator
E.little or no water
F.hot springs
共用题干
The Greatest Mystery of Whales
The whale is a warm一blooded,air-breathing animal,giving birth to its young alive,sucking them一and,
like all mammals,originated on land. There are many________________(51)of this. Its front flippers（鳍状肢）,
used for steering and stability,are traces of feet.
Immense strength is________________(52)into the great body of the big whales,and in fact most of a
whale's body is one gigantic muscle.The blue whale's pulling strength has been estimated________________(53)
400 horsepower. One specimen was reported to have towed（拖）a whaling vessel for seven hours at the
_______________ (54)of eight knot（节）.
An angry whale will________________(55).A famous example of this was the fate of Whaler Essex,
________________(56)was sunk off the coast of South America early in the last century. More recently,steel ships
have ___________( 57 ) their plates buckled（使弯曲）in the same way. Sperm whales（抹香鲸）were known
to seize the old-time whaleboats in their jaws and crush them.
The greatest________________(58)of whales is their diving ability.The sperm whale dives to the bottom foi
his________________(59)food,the octopus（章鱼）.In that search he is known to go as far down as 3 , 200 feet,
where the________________(60)is 1,400 pounds,to a square inch.Doing so he will________________(61)underwa-
ter as long as one hour. Two special skills are involved in this storing up enough________________(62)(all
whales are air-breathed)and tolerating the great change in pressure.Just how he does it scientists have nol
_______________ (63).It is believed that some of the oxygen is stored in a special________________(64)of blood
vessels,rather than just held in the lungs.And it is believed that a special kind of oil in his head is some sort
of a compensating mechanism that________________(65)adjusts the internal pressure of his body.But since you
can't bring a live whale into the laboratory for study,no one knows just how these things work.
_________(62)
A:heat
B:energy
C:food
D:oxygen
The Greatest Mystery of Whales
The whale is a warm一blooded,air-breathing animal,giving birth to its young alive,sucking them一and,
like all mammals,originated on land. There are many________________(51)of this. Its front flippers（鳍状肢）,
used for steering and stability,are traces of feet.
Immense strength is________________(52)into the great body of the big whales,and in fact most of a
whale's body is one gigantic muscle.The blue whale's pulling strength has been estimated________________(53)
400 horsepower. One specimen was reported to have towed（拖）a whaling vessel for seven hours at the
_______________ (54)of eight knot（节）.
An angry whale will________________(55).A famous example of this was the fate of Whaler Essex,
________________(56)was sunk off the coast of South America early in the last century. More recently,steel ships
have ___________( 57 ) their plates buckled（使弯曲）in the same way. Sperm whales（抹香鲸）were known
to seize the old-time whaleboats in their jaws and crush them.
The greatest________________(58)of whales is their diving ability.The sperm whale dives to the bottom foi
his________________(59)food,the octopus（章鱼）.In that search he is known to go as far down as 3 , 200 feet,
where the________________(60)is 1,400 pounds,to a square inch.Doing so he will________________(61)underwa-
ter as long as one hour. Two special skills are involved in this storing up enough________________(62)(all
whales are air-breathed)and tolerating the great change in pressure.Just how he does it scientists have nol
_______________ (63).It is believed that some of the oxygen is stored in a special________________(64)of blood
vessels,rather than just held in the lungs.And it is believed that a special kind of oil in his head is some sort
of a compensating mechanism that________________(65)adjusts the internal pressure of his body.But since you
can't bring a live whale into the laboratory for study,no one knows just how these things work.
_________(62)
A:heat
B:energy
C:food
D:oxygen
共用题干
Female Bullfighting
It was a unique,eye-catching sight:an attractive woman in a shiny bullfighter's suit,
sword in hand,facing the sharp horns of a black,500-kilogram beast.
Most people thought the days of female bullfighting were over in Spain._____(1)
The first woman fighter,Cristina Sanchez,quit in 1999 because of male discrimination
（歧视）.But Vega is determined to break into what could be Spain's most resistant male
field._____(2)
Spanish women have conquered almost all male professions.______(3) "The
bull does not ask for your identity card,"she said in an interview a few years ago.She
insisted that she be judged for her skills rather than her femaleness.
Vega became a matador（斗牛士）in 1 997 in the southwestern city of Caceres.
_____(4)She entered a bullfighting school in Malaga at age nine and performed her
first major bullfight at age 14 .She has faced as much opposition as Sanchez did.And the
"difficulties have made her grow into a very strong bullfighter,"her brother Jorge says.
The 1 .68-metre tall and somewhat shy Vega says her love of bullfighting does not make
her any less of a woman._____(5)
__________（1）
A:.She intends to become even better than Sanchez was.
B:.Her father was an aspiring（有雄心壮志的）bullfighter.
C:.But many bullfighting professionals continue to insist that women do not have what it takes to perform the country's"national show".
D:."I'm a woman from head to toe and proud of it,"she once said.
E:.She looks like a male bullfighter.
F:But recently,29-year-old Mani Paz Vega became the second woman in Spanish history to fight against those heavy animals.
Female Bullfighting
It was a unique,eye-catching sight:an attractive woman in a shiny bullfighter's suit,
sword in hand,facing the sharp horns of a black,500-kilogram beast.
Most people thought the days of female bullfighting were over in Spain._____(1)
The first woman fighter,Cristina Sanchez,quit in 1999 because of male discrimination
（歧视）.But Vega is determined to break into what could be Spain's most resistant male
field._____(2)
Spanish women have conquered almost all male professions.______(3) "The
bull does not ask for your identity card,"she said in an interview a few years ago.She
insisted that she be judged for her skills rather than her femaleness.
Vega became a matador（斗牛士）in 1 997 in the southwestern city of Caceres.
_____(4)She entered a bullfighting school in Malaga at age nine and performed her
first major bullfight at age 14 .She has faced as much opposition as Sanchez did.And the
"difficulties have made her grow into a very strong bullfighter,"her brother Jorge says.
The 1 .68-metre tall and somewhat shy Vega says her love of bullfighting does not make
her any less of a woman._____(5)
__________（1）
A:.She intends to become even better than Sanchez was.
B:.Her father was an aspiring（有雄心壮志的）bullfighter.
C:.But many bullfighting professionals continue to insist that women do not have what it takes to perform the country's"national show".
D:."I'm a woman from head to toe and proud of it,"she once said.
E:.She looks like a male bullfighter.
F:But recently,29-year-old Mani Paz Vega became the second woman in Spanish history to fight against those heavy animals.