Most people findrejectionhard to accept.
A: excuse
B: client
C:destiny
D: refusal

共用题干
Look After Your Voice
Often speakers at a meeting experience dry mouths and ask for a glass of water. You can solve the
problem by activating the saliva in your mouth.First gently bite the edges of your tongue with your teeth.Or,
press your entire tongue to the bottom of your mouth and hold it there until the saliva flow. Or you can
imagine that you are slicing a big juicy lemon and sucking the juice.
Before you begin your talk,be kind to your voice.Avoid milk or creamy drinks which coat your throat.
Keep your throat wet by drinking a little sweetened warm tea or diluted fruit juice.
If you sense that you are losing your voice,stop talking completely.Save your voice for your speech.You
may feel foolish using paper to write notes,but the best thing you can do is to rest your voice.If you need to
see a doctor.perhaps you can get some advice from a orofessional singer. In the meantime,do not even talk in
a low voice.
What about drinking alcohol to wet your throat?I advise you not to touch alcohol before speaking.The
problem with alcohol is that one drink gives you a little confidence.The second drink gives you even more
confidence.Finally you will feel all-powerful and you will feel you can do everything,but in fact your brain
and your mouth do not work together properly.Save the alcohol until after you finish speaking.
Perhaps you want to accept the advice, but you may wonder if you can ever change the habits of a
lifetime.Of course you can.Goethe,who lived before indoor skating rinks or swimming pools,said,"We learn
to skate in the summer and swim in the winter."Take this message to heart and give yourself time to develop
your new habits.If you are willing to change,you will soon be able. to say that you will never forget these
techniques because they became a part of your body.
The first paragraph mentions three ways of activating the saliva in the mouth.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned

共用题干
The Benefits of Lifelong Learning for Adults
Lifelong learning is the process of keeping your mind and body engaged一at any age一by actively pursuing knowledge and experience.In fact,it has many benefits.Firstly,it keeps the mind sharp and it improves the memory.Secondly,it improves self-confidence and offers an opportunity to try something new. Thirdly,it gives the learner the feeling of accomplishment. Also,it offers the learner the opportunity to keep in touch with people who share with him/her the same interests and make new acquaintances.Finally,it offers an opportunity to learn a new skill or trade.
Achieving retirement means having a lot of spare time and becoming more stressed and bored. However,some adults think that learning at that age is a way to get rid of this situation of boredom and stress.For them learning should be a lifelong process and even retirement should be an opportunity to try new things rather than being passive and pessimistic.
Lifelong learning offers the opportunities to know people of various interests,
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned

共用题干
Electromagnetic Energy
1 White light seems to be a combination of all colors.The energy that comes from a source of light is
not limited to the kind of energy you can see.Heat is given off by a flame or an electric light.On a cloudy
day it is possible to get a sunburn even though you feel cool.Visible light and the kind of energy that produce
warmth and sunburn are examples of electromagnetic energy.
2 The sun is 93 million miles away from the earth.Yet we can use energy from the sun because elec-
tromagnetic energy travels through space.
3 Many other kinds of energy are also types of electromagnetic energy.Radio,television,and radar signals
travel from transmitters to receivers as low-energy electromagnetic waves. Infrared（红外线的）radiation is an
electromagnetic wave.When it is absorbed by matter,heat is produced.Waves of infrared and visible light
have more energy than waves of radio , television , or radar. Ultraviolet rays（紫外线）and X-rays are electro-
magnetic waves with even greater amounts of energy.Infrared radiation is used in cooking food and heating
buildings.Sunlight and electric lights are part of our requirements for normal living. Ultraviolet radiation is
useful in killing certain disease organisms.X-rays and gamma rays have so much energy that they travel right
through solid objects.They can be used to detect and treat cancer. X-rays are used in industry to find hidden
cracks in metal,and in medicine to reveal broken bones.
4 Usually we use electricity to generate electromagnetic energy.The source of most of our energy is the
sun.Heat from the sun causes water to evaporate.When the water falls to the earth as rain,some of it is
trapped behind dams and then used to operate electric generators.Other generators are powered by coal,but
the energy stored in coal came from the sun,too.
5 Until recently,the source of the tremendous amount of energy given off by the sun was a puzzle.If
the.sun depended on chemical reactions,it would have used up all its energy long ago.Experiments with
electromagnetic radiation led to the theory that mass can be converted into energy.About forty years after the
theory was proposed , nuclear energy was harnessed（利用）by man. Chemical energy comes from electron
（电子）rearrangement. Nuclear energy comes from a change in the nucleus of an atom. Compared with chemi-
cal reactions,nuclear reactions release millions of times more energy per pound of fuel.We now believe that
the sun's energy comes from the nuclear reactions in which hydrogen is changed into helium（氦）.
6 Nuclear energy is beginning to compete with coal as an economical source of power to generate elec-
tncity.It is also being used to operate engines in large ships.Scientists continue to seek new and better
methods of obtaining and using energy.
Paragraph 3_____________
A:Nuclear Reactions as the Lasting Source of the Sun's Energy
B:The Most Important Source of Energy
C:Types of Electromagnetic Energy
D:X-rays Are Used to Detect and Treat Cancer
E:Seeking New Sources of Energy
F:Nuclear Energy Is Beginning to Compete With Coal

共用题干
第二篇
Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as "Ecosystem Engineers"
Research by the University of Exeter has revealed that ants have a big impact on their local environment
as a result of their activity as"ecosystem engineers"and predators.The study,published in the Journal of
Animal Ecology,found that ants have two distinct effects on their local environment.
Firstly,through moving the soil by nest building activity and by collecting food they affect the level of
nutrients in the soil.This can indirectly impact the local populations of many animal groups,from decomposers
to species much higher up the food chain.
Secondly,they prey on a wide range of other animals,including larger prey which can be attacked by
vast numbers of ant workers.
Dirk Sanders,an author of the study from the university's Centre for Ecology and Conservation,said,
"Ants are very effective predators which thrive in huge numbers.They're also very territorial and very
aggressive,defending their resources and territory against other predators.All of this means they have a strong
influence on their surrounding area."
"In this research,we studied for the first time how big this impact is and the subtleties of it.What we
found is that despite being predators,their presence can also lead to an increase in density and diversity of
other animal groups.They genuinely play a key role in the local environment,having a big influence on the
grassland food web,"Sanders said.
The study,carried out in Germany,studied the impact of the presence of different combinations and
densities of black garden ants and common red ants,both of which can be found across Europe,including the
UK. It found that a low density of ants in an area increased the diversity and density of other animals in the
local area,particularly the density of herbivores and decomposers.At higher densities ants had no or the
opposite effect,the predation counteracting the positive influence.
Dr Frank van Veen,another author on the study,said:"What we find is that the impact of ants on soil
nutrient levels has a positive effect on animal groups at low levels,but as the number of ants increases,their
predatory impacts have the bigger effect一thereby counteracting the positive influence via ecosystem engineering."
Ants are important components of the ecosystem not only because they constitute a great part of the
animal biomass but also because they act as ecosystem engineers.Ant biodiversity is incredibly high,and
these organisms are highly responsive to human impact,which obviously reduces its richness.However,it is
not clear how such disturbance damages the maintenance of ant services to the ecosystem.Ants are important
in below ground processes through the alteration of the physical and chemical environment and through their
effects on plants,microorganisms,and other soil organisms.
What does Paragraph 6 tell us?
A:Ants bring about a negative influence to an area when their population is small.
B:Ants bring about a positive influence to an area when their population is small.
C:Ants' predation counteracts the positive influence they may have on an area.
D:At higher density,ants produce a positive influence on an area.

共用题干
How Men Face the Fat Problem
It is a pleasure to see men of a certain age worrying about their weight. Listening to them is not such a pleasure.Because the men are new at the game,they don't hesitate to discuss the fat problem incessantly. However,women of the same age do not discuss the fat problem,especially not in mixed company. They prefer to face the problem with quiet dignity.Discussing the problem might only draw attention to some stray body part that may be successfully tucked away under an article of clothing.
The age at which a man begins to explore the fat problem can vary.The actual problem can manifest itself in the early 30's,but broad-range discussion usually starts later. There are early nonverbal symptoms.I've watched the rugged journalist who shares my apartment sneak by with a Diet Coke.His shirts are no longer neatly tucked in to display a trim waist. Recently he has begun to verbalize his anxiety.He tells me,with a sheepish幼n,that he is taking his suits to Chinatown to have them"tailored."
Still-older men have lost their dignity and rattle on unabashedly. Often,wives and children play important roles in their fat-inspection rituals.Take my oldest brother,a former college football player. His daughter says that several times a day he will stand at attention and call out,"Fat,medium or thin?"She knows the correct answer:medium. Thin would be an obvious stretch,and fat may not get her that new video.According to his wife,he stands in front of the mirror in the morning (before the day's meals take their toll),puts his hands behind his head and lurches into a side bend,then clutches the roll that has developed and says,"Am I getting fatter?"His wife is expected to answer,"You look like you may have lost a few pounds."
And then there are the ex-husbands,a pitiful group.They are extremely vocal.When I go to the movies with one,he confides that he is suffering from great hunger because he is dieting.He hasn't eaten since the pancakes and sausages he wolfed down that morning. He pauses in his monologue while he buys his popcorn.After the movie,we sprint to a restaurant,where he again pauses to devour a basket of bread.Before he orders his chaste salad and soup,he grows plaintive.Do I think he's fat?
Men of a certain age are always ready to talk about their fat problem.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned