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We had only a vague description of the attacker.
A:concise
B:imprecise
C:unpolished
D:elementary
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共用题干
Electronic Mail
During the past few years,scientists all over the world have suddenly found themselves pro-ductively engaged in task they once spent their lives avoiding—writing,any kind of writing,but particularly letter writing. Encouraged by electronic mail's surprisingly high speed,convenience and economy,people who never before touched the stuff are regularly,skillfully,even cheerfully tapping out a great deal of correspondence.
Electronic networks,woven into the fabric of scientific communication these days,are the route to colleagues in distant countries,shared data,bulletin boards and electronic journals.Any-one with a personal computer,a modern and the software to link computers over telephone lines can sign on.An estimated five million scientists have done so with more joining every day,most of them communicating through a bundle of interconnected domestic and foreign routes known col-lectively as the Internet,or net.
E-mail is starting to edge out the fax,the telephone,overnight mail,and of course,land mail.It shrinks time and distance between scientific collaborators,in part because it is conven-iently asynchronous（异步的）( Writer can type while their colleagues across time zones sleep; their message will be waiting.).If it is not yet speeding discoveries,it is certainly accelerating communication.
Jeremy Bernstein,the physicist and science writer,once called E-mail the physicist's umbili-cal cord（脐带）.Later other people,too,have been discovering its connective virtues. Physi-cists are using it;college students are using it;everybody is using it;and as a sign that it has come of age,the New Yorker has celebrated its liberating presence with a cartoon—an apprecia-tive dog seated at a keyboard,saying happily,“on the Internet,nobody knows you're a dog.”
Why is a dog sitting before a computer keyboard in a cartoon published by New Yorkers?
A: Even dogs are interested in the computer.
B: E-mail has become very popular.
C: Dogs are liberated from their usual duties.
D: E-mai deprives dogs of their owners' love.
Electronic Mail
During the past few years,scientists all over the world have suddenly found themselves pro-ductively engaged in task they once spent their lives avoiding—writing,any kind of writing,but particularly letter writing. Encouraged by electronic mail's surprisingly high speed,convenience and economy,people who never before touched the stuff are regularly,skillfully,even cheerfully tapping out a great deal of correspondence.
Electronic networks,woven into the fabric of scientific communication these days,are the route to colleagues in distant countries,shared data,bulletin boards and electronic journals.Any-one with a personal computer,a modern and the software to link computers over telephone lines can sign on.An estimated five million scientists have done so with more joining every day,most of them communicating through a bundle of interconnected domestic and foreign routes known col-lectively as the Internet,or net.
E-mail is starting to edge out the fax,the telephone,overnight mail,and of course,land mail.It shrinks time and distance between scientific collaborators,in part because it is conven-iently asynchronous（异步的）( Writer can type while their colleagues across time zones sleep; their message will be waiting.).If it is not yet speeding discoveries,it is certainly accelerating communication.
Jeremy Bernstein,the physicist and science writer,once called E-mail the physicist's umbili-cal cord（脐带）.Later other people,too,have been discovering its connective virtues. Physi-cists are using it;college students are using it;everybody is using it;and as a sign that it has come of age,the New Yorker has celebrated its liberating presence with a cartoon—an apprecia-tive dog seated at a keyboard,saying happily,“on the Internet,nobody knows you're a dog.”
Why is a dog sitting before a computer keyboard in a cartoon published by New Yorkers?
A: Even dogs are interested in the computer.
B: E-mail has become very popular.
C: Dogs are liberated from their usual duties.
D: E-mai deprives dogs of their owners' love.
The river widens considerably as it begins to turn west.
A:extends
B:stretches
C:broadens
D:bends
A:extends
B:stretches
C:broadens
D:bends
共用题干
Interior Design
Although interior design has existed since the beginning of architecture,its development into a specialized field is really quite recent. Interior designers have become important partly because of the many functions that might be______(51)in a single large building.
The importance of interior design becomes______(52)when we realize how much time we ______(53)surrounded by four walls.Whenever we need to be indoors,we want our surroundings to be______(54)attractive and comfortable as possible.We also expect______(55) place to be appropriate to its use.
You would be______(56)if the inside of your bedroom were suddenly changed to look ______(57)the inside of a restaurant. And you wouldn't feel______(58)in a business office that has the appearance of a school.
It soon becomes clear that the interior designer's most important basic______(59)is the function of the particular______(60),for example,a theatre with poor sight lines,poor sound shaping qualities,and______(61)few entries and exists will not work for______(62)purposes,no matter how beautifully it might be______(63).Nevertheless,for any kind of space,the designer has to make many of the same kind of______(64).He or she must coordinate the shapes,lighting and decoration of everything from ceilling to floor,______(65)addition,the designer must usually select furniture or design built-in furniture,according to the functions that need to be served.
_________(63)
A:painted
B:covered
C:ornamented
D:decorated
Interior Design
Although interior design has existed since the beginning of architecture,its development into a specialized field is really quite recent. Interior designers have become important partly because of the many functions that might be______(51)in a single large building.
The importance of interior design becomes______(52)when we realize how much time we ______(53)surrounded by four walls.Whenever we need to be indoors,we want our surroundings to be______(54)attractive and comfortable as possible.We also expect______(55) place to be appropriate to its use.
You would be______(56)if the inside of your bedroom were suddenly changed to look ______(57)the inside of a restaurant. And you wouldn't feel______(58)in a business office that has the appearance of a school.
It soon becomes clear that the interior designer's most important basic______(59)is the function of the particular______(60),for example,a theatre with poor sight lines,poor sound shaping qualities,and______(61)few entries and exists will not work for______(62)purposes,no matter how beautifully it might be______(63).Nevertheless,for any kind of space,the designer has to make many of the same kind of______(64).He or she must coordinate the shapes,lighting and decoration of everything from ceilling to floor,______(65)addition,the designer must usually select furniture or design built-in furniture,according to the functions that need to be served.
_________(63)
A:painted
B:covered
C:ornamented
D:decorated
The walls are made of hollow concrete blocks.
A:empty
B:big
C:long
D:new
A:empty
B:big
C:long
D:new
共用题干
第一篇
Putting Plants to Work
Using the power of the sun is nothing new.People have had solar-powered calculators and buildings with
solar panels（太阳能电池板）for decades. But plants are the real experts. They' ve been using sunlight as an
energy source for billions of years.
Cells in the green leaves of plants work like tiny factories to convert sunlight, carbon dioxide（二氧化
碳）,and water into sugars
and starche（淀粉）,stored energy that the piants can use. This conversion
process is called photosynthesis (光合作用）Unfortunately, unless you' re a plant, it's difficult and
expensive to convert sunlight into storable energy. That's why scientists are taking a closer look at exactly
how plants do it.
Some scientists are trying to get plants,or biological cells that act like plants, to work as very small
photosynthesic power stations. For example, Maria Ghirardi of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in
Golden. Cobo.,is working with green algae（水藻）.She's trying to trick them into producing hydrogen
instead of sugars when they perform photosynthesis. Once the researchers can get the algae working efficient-
ly ,the hydrogen that they produce could be used to power fuel cells in cars or to generate electricity.
The algae are grown in narrow-necked glass bottles to produce hydrogen in the lab. During photosynthe-
sis , plants normally make sugars or strchds. "But under certain conditions,a lot of algae are able to use the
sunlight energy not to store starch , but to make hydrogen."Ghirardi says. For example ,algae will produce hy-
drogen in an airfree environment. It' s the oxygen in the air that prevents algae from making hydrogen most of
the time.
Working in an airfree environment, however, is difficult. It's not a practical way to produce cheap
energy. But Ghirardi and her colleagues have discovered that by removing a chemical called sulfate（硫酸盐）
from the environment that the algae grow in, they will make hydrogen instead of sugars,even when air
is present.
Unfortunately, removing the sulfate also makes the algae's cells work very slowly,and not much
hydrogen is produced. Still ,the researchers see this as a first step in their goal to produce hydrogen efficiently
from algae. With more work,they may be able to speed the cells' activity and produce larger quantities
of hydrogen.
The researchers hope that algae will one day be an easy-to-use fuel source. The organisms are cheap to
get and to feed, Ghirardi says,and they can grow almost anywhere:"You can grow them in a reactor, in a
pond. You can grow them in the ocean. There's a lot of flexibility in how you can use these organisms."
Scientists study how photosynthesis works because they want to_______________.
A: improve the efficiency of it
B: turn plant sugars to a new form of energy
C: get more sugars and starches from plants
D: make green plants a new source of energy
第一篇
Putting Plants to Work
Using the power of the sun is nothing new.People have had solar-powered calculators and buildings with
solar panels（太阳能电池板）for decades. But plants are the real experts. They' ve been using sunlight as an
energy source for billions of years.
Cells in the green leaves of plants work like tiny factories to convert sunlight, carbon dioxide（二氧化
碳）,and water into sugars
and starche（淀粉）,stored energy that the piants can use. This conversion
process is called photosynthesis (光合作用）Unfortunately, unless you' re a plant, it's difficult and
expensive to convert sunlight into storable energy. That's why scientists are taking a closer look at exactly
how plants do it.
Some scientists are trying to get plants,or biological cells that act like plants, to work as very small
photosynthesic power stations. For example, Maria Ghirardi of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in
Golden. Cobo.,is working with green algae（水藻）.She's trying to trick them into producing hydrogen
instead of sugars when they perform photosynthesis. Once the researchers can get the algae working efficient-
ly ,the hydrogen that they produce could be used to power fuel cells in cars or to generate electricity.
The algae are grown in narrow-necked glass bottles to produce hydrogen in the lab. During photosynthe-
sis , plants normally make sugars or strchds. "But under certain conditions,a lot of algae are able to use the
sunlight energy not to store starch , but to make hydrogen."Ghirardi says. For example ,algae will produce hy-
drogen in an airfree environment. It' s the oxygen in the air that prevents algae from making hydrogen most of
the time.
Working in an airfree environment, however, is difficult. It's not a practical way to produce cheap
energy. But Ghirardi and her colleagues have discovered that by removing a chemical called sulfate（硫酸盐）
from the environment that the algae grow in, they will make hydrogen instead of sugars,even when air
is present.
Unfortunately, removing the sulfate also makes the algae's cells work very slowly,and not much
hydrogen is produced. Still ,the researchers see this as a first step in their goal to produce hydrogen efficiently
from algae. With more work,they may be able to speed the cells' activity and produce larger quantities
of hydrogen.
The researchers hope that algae will one day be an easy-to-use fuel source. The organisms are cheap to
get and to feed, Ghirardi says,and they can grow almost anywhere:"You can grow them in a reactor, in a
pond. You can grow them in the ocean. There's a lot of flexibility in how you can use these organisms."
Scientists study how photosynthesis works because they want to_______________.
A: improve the efficiency of it
B: turn plant sugars to a new form of energy
C: get more sugars and starches from plants
D: make green plants a new source of energy