根据以下材料，回答As with spoken language, writtenlanguage is always used for a purpose. People read a text 11 they think that it will enable them tofind answers to questions that they are interested in answering. People writeto express an 12 or to give information to particularreaders. There are, of course, many different purposes for reading and writingand different purposes will 13 different reading and writing styles.In general, written language isstructurally more "correct" than spoken language. It has clear wordand sentence 14 and its information is more denselypacked. More is said in 15 words. However, written language alsocontains both structural and contextual redundancy and this can help readers to 16 the text.Written language is often structurally more 17 than spoken language. This is becausewhen people write they have 18 to think about what they want to writeand are able to 19 to what they have written and revise itas often as they wish. This greater, structural complexity is one factor that maymake a text 20 to understand.When people read in their first language,they do not usually read every word in the text. Readers 21 their eyes across and down the textstopping at groups of words (fixations) to check for meaning. The speed withwhich people read 22 their purpose for reading and on how 23 a range of possible meanings their brainhas to choose from at every fixation. 24 readers use the structuraland contextual redundancy of the language, their 25 of what they have already read and thegeneral knowledge they already have to 26 what will come next, and so 27 the number of possible choices that thebrain has to consider at any fixation.Both writers, when choosing how to expresstheir 28 meaning for the audience that they have inmind, 29 readers, when interpreting writers′meaning, rely not only on their linguistic knowledge, but 30 their general knowledge of the context inwhich they are reading and writing. Such knowledge, whether specificallylinguistic or contextual, is stored in the long-text memory.
A.for B.on C.in D.with

根据以下材料，回答Mother Teresa once said, "Everytime you smile at someone, it is an action of love, a gift to that person, abeautiful thing." However a recent survey showed that 25% of Chinese neversmiled or smiled less than five times a day. It also found that 2% of Chinesewere willing to smile at strangers.To make a change, forty students fromShanghai Normal University started a team of "Smiling Volunteers".Their first smiling task was to smile at all the visitors in the Shanghai FilmArt Centre and asked if they needed their help. Not all students found it easyto smile all the time. "When volunteers help other people, smiling is thebest way to make them understand that volunteers are ready and sincere."One team leader said.A teacher in charge of the team thought theteam′s work was not all fun and games. "Most of our students will beteachers after they leave the university. Smiling is necessary for goodteachers. We hope they can learn how to smile at each other," she said.Everyone smiles in the same language. Soit′s not important whether you are a teacher or not. After all, sincere smilingand helping hearts are the most important.如果你没有以一个微笑开始新的一天，那从现在开始，为了明天而进行练习也为时不晚。Remember "The world always looks brighter from behind asmile."Translate the underlined sentence inparagraph 1 into Chinese.____________________________________________________________________

根据以下材料，回答Gestures aren′ t the only area in whichthe unwary traveler can get tripped up. Foreign cultures adhere to differentbusiness customs and behavior. For example: Caffeine junkies should re strain themselvesin the Middle East. "Three cups of tea or coffee is usually the politelimit in offices and during social calls," counsels "TravelPak", a free publication of Alia, the Royal Jordanian Airline. "Butif your host keeps going, you also may continue sipping. If you′ve had yourfill, give your empty cup a quick twist a sort of wiggle--as you hand it back.That means "No more, thank you."Middle East visitors also should not besurprised "if others barge right into the office in the middle of yourconversation with the person you are seeing," notes "TravelPak". An old Arab custom calls for keeping an "open office." TheBritish, however, consider it impolite to interrupt a visitor, even after allbusiness has been transacted. The commercial caller is expected to be sensitiveto this point, know when to stop, and initiate his or her own departure. InJapan certain guests at evening business gatherings will leave early. Theyshould be allowed to leave without effusive good-byes. The Japanese considerformal departures to be disruptive in such cases and disturbing to remainingguests. In Scandinavia and Finland business guests may be asked to shed theirclothes and join their hosts in a sauna (桑拿).The invitation is a sign that a goodworking relationship has been established. In the Arab world, the word"no" must be mentioned three times before it is accepted. Incontrast, it is considered good business manners to make many and long effortsto pick up the check. In the People′ s Republic of China, gift giving isconsidered an insult, says Patrick J. Lewis, President of Club Universe, a LosAngeles tour operator. "If youwant to give someone a gift, make sure it′s modest in value. This will not beconsidered offensive, but it may be declined," The Chinese manner ofexpressing friendship and welcome is to clap. Lewis adds. "You may begreeted with clapping when entering a factory, hospital, commune, or school.Politeness dictates that you respond with applause, even though it may seemlike you′ re clapping for yourself."In China, a gift to the host means___________.
A.an attempt to praise the hostB.a modest mannerC.a response of applauseD.offended action to the host' s dignity

根据以下材料，回答Mother Teresa once said, "Everytime you smile at someone, it is an action of love, a gift to that person, abeautiful thing." However a recent survey showed that 25% of Chinese neversmiled or smiled less than five times a day. It also found that 2% of Chinesewere willing to smile at strangers.To make a change, forty students fromShanghai Normal University started a team of "Smiling Volunteers".Their first smiling task was to smile at all the visitors in the Shanghai FilmArt Centre and asked if they needed their help. Not all students found it easyto smile all the time. "When volunteers help other people, smiling is thebest way to make them understand that volunteers are ready and sincere."One team leader said.A teacher in charge of the team thought theteam′s work was not all fun and games. "Most of our students will beteachers after they leave the university. Smiling is necessary for goodteachers. We hope they can learn how to smile at each other," she said.Everyone smiles in the same language. Soit′s not important whether you are a teacher or not. After all, sincere smilingand helping hearts are the most important.如果你没有以一个微笑开始新的一天，那从现在开始，为了明天而进行练习也为时不晚。Remember "The world always looks brighter from behind asmile."Translate the Chinese sentence inparagraph 4 into English.____________________________________________________________________

根据以下材料，回答Gestures aren′ t the only area in whichthe unwary traveler can get tripped up. Foreign cultures adhere to differentbusiness customs and behavior. For example: Caffeine junkies should re strain themselvesin the Middle East. "Three cups of tea or coffee is usually the politelimit in offices and during social calls," counsels "TravelPak", a free publication of Alia, the Royal Jordanian Airline. "Butif your host keeps going, you also may continue sipping. If you′ve had yourfill, give your empty cup a quick twist a sort of wiggle--as you hand it back.That means "No more, thank you."Middle East visitors also should not besurprised "if others barge right into the office in the middle of yourconversation with the person you are seeing," notes "TravelPak". An old Arab custom calls for keeping an "open office." TheBritish, however, consider it impolite to interrupt a visitor, even after allbusiness has been transacted. The commercial caller is expected to be sensitiveto this point, know when to stop, and initiate his or her own departure. InJapan certain guests at evening business gatherings will leave early. Theyshould be allowed to leave without effusive good-byes. The Japanese considerformal departures to be disruptive in such cases and disturbing to remainingguests. In Scandinavia and Finland business guests may be asked to shed theirclothes and join their hosts in a sauna (桑拿).The invitation is a sign that a goodworking relationship has been established. In the Arab world, the word"no" must be mentioned three times before it is accepted. Incontrast, it is considered good business manners to make many and long effortsto pick up the check. In the People′ s Republic of China, gift giving isconsidered an insult, says Patrick J. Lewis, President of Club Universe, a LosAngeles tour operator. "If youwant to give someone a gift, make sure it′s modest in value. This will not beconsidered offensive, but it may be declined," The Chinese manner ofexpressing friendship and welcome is to clap. Lewis adds. "You may begreeted with clapping when entering a factory, hospital, commune, or school.Politeness dictates that you respond with applause, even though it may seemlike you′ re clapping for yourself." In the Middle East, it isconsidered___________
A.impolite to drink at least 3 cups ofcoffeeB.impolite to drink more than 3 cups ofcoffee unless your host drinks moreC.polite to ask the host to give you asmore as he canD.polite to leave a party as early as youwant

根据以下材料，回答Gestures aren′ t the only area in whichthe unwary traveler can get tripped up. Foreign cultures adhere to differentbusiness customs and behavior. For example: Caffeine junkies should re strain themselvesin the Middle East. "Three cups of tea or coffee is usually the politelimit in offices and during social calls," counsels "TravelPak", a free publication of Alia, the Royal Jordanian Airline. "Butif your host keeps going, you also may continue sipping. If you′ve had yourfill, give your empty cup a quick twist a sort of wiggle--as you hand it back.That means "No more, thank you."Middle East visitors also should not besurprised "if others barge right into the office in the middle of yourconversation with the person you are seeing," notes "TravelPak". An old Arab custom calls for keeping an "open office." TheBritish, however, consider it impolite to interrupt a visitor, even after allbusiness has been transacted. The commercial caller is expected to be sensitiveto this point, know when to stop, and initiate his or her own departure. InJapan certain guests at evening business gatherings will leave early. Theyshould be allowed to leave without effusive good-byes. The Japanese considerformal departures to be disruptive in such cases and disturbing to remainingguests. In Scandinavia and Finland business guests may be asked to shed theirclothes and join their hosts in a sauna (桑拿).The invitation is a sign that a goodworking relationship has been established. In the Arab world, the word"no" must be mentioned three times before it is accepted. Incontrast, it is considered good business manners to make many and long effortsto pick up the check. In the People′ s Republic of China, gift giving isconsidered an insult, says Patrick J. Lewis, President of Club Universe, a LosAngeles tour operator. "If youwant to give someone a gift, make sure it′s modest in value. This will not beconsidered offensive, but it may be declined," The Chinese manner ofexpressing friendship and welcome is to clap. Lewis adds. "You may begreeted with clapping when entering a factory, hospital, commune, or school.Politeness dictates that you respond with applause, even though it may seemlike you′ re clapping for yourself."In Japan, the guest at an evening partywill ___________.
A.leave early without saying goodbyesB.stay as long as he canC.stay to have a swimming with the hostD.present his business cards immediately