The law of supply and demand will eventually take care of a shortage or __ of dentists.
A．surge
B．surplus
C．flood
D．fluctuation
The shop assistant was dismissed as she was __ of cheating customers.
A．accused
B．charged
C．scolded
D．blamed
We sometimes hear that essays are an old-fashioned form, that so-and-so is the "last essayist", but the facts of the marketplace argue quite otherwise. Essays of nearly any kind are so much easier than short stories for a writer to sell, so many more see print, it's strange that though two fine anthologies （collections) remain that publish the year's best stories, no comparable collection exists for essays. Such changes in the reading public's taste aren't always to the good, needless to say. The art of telling stories predated even cave painting, surely; and if we ever find ourselves living in caves again, it （with painting and drumming) will be the only art left, after movies, novels, photography, essays, biography, and all the rest have gone down the drain--the art to build from.
Essays, however, hang somewhere on a line between two sturdy poles: this is what I think, and this is what I am. Autobiographies which aren't novels are generally extended essays, indeed. A personal essay is like the human voice talking, its order being the mind's natural flow, instead of a systematized outline of ideas. Though more changeable or informal than an article or treatise, somewhere it contains a point which is its real center, even if the point couldn't be uttered in fewer words than the essayist has used. Essays don't usually boil down to a summary, as articles do, and the style. of the writer has a "nap" to it, a combination of personality and originality and energetic loose ends that stand up like the nap （绒毛) on a piece of wool and can't be brushed flat. Essays belong to the animal kingdom, with a surface that generates sparks, like a coat of fur, compared with the flat, conventional cotton of the magazine article writer, who works in the vegetable kingdom, instead. But, essays, on the other hand, may have fewer "levels" than fiction, because we are not supposed to argue much about their meaning. In the old distinction between teaching and storytelling, the essayist, however cleverly he tries to conceal his intentions, is a bit of a teacher or reformer, and an essay is intended to convey the same point to each of us.
An essayist doesn't have to tell the whole truth and nothing but the truth, he can shape or shave his memories, as long as the purpose is served of explaining a truthful point. A personal essay frequently is not autobiographical at all, but what it does keep in common with autobiography is that, through its tone and tumbling progression, it conveys the quality of the author's mind. Nothing gets in the way. Because essays are directly concerned with the mind and the mind's peculiarity, the very freedom the mind possesses is conferred on this branch of literature that does honor to it, and the fascination of the mind is the fascination of the essay.
According to the passage the changes in readers' taste ______.
A．contribute to the incompatibility of essays with stories
B．often result in unfavorable effect, to say the least
C．sometimes come to something undesirable, of course
D．usually bring about beneficial outcome, so to say
A．to be used
B．to have used
C．to have been used
D．to use
Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage？
A．Doctors will be held guilty if they risk their patients' death.
B．Modern medicine has assisted terminally ill patients in painless recovery.
C．The Court ruled that high-dosage pain-relieving medication can be prescribed.
D．A doctor's medication is no longer justified by his intentions.
从花岗岩之类的岩石中释放出的具有放射性的氡气体会使住在建造在这种岩石上面的房屋里的人住得越久越可能患上肺癌。如果氡的含量超过每升4皮居里，就应该采取保护措施。这一建议是基于任何居住了70年以上的人而说的。如果一个65岁的房主由以上说法得出结论，她新买的房子的氡的含量不用测试，那么，如果下面每个都正确，均能削弱房主的论述，除了：
A．这位房主以前住的房子所在的地区，氡的浓度超过了标准。
B．这位房主新房附近的其他房子，氡的浓度超过了每升4皮居里。这一浓度要求户主立即采取措施减少和它的接触。
C．将要继承这幢新房子的房主的孙女如今和她的子女住在那里。
D．如果住户吸烟，吸烟者会有比上文信息所提的更多接触氡的危险。
E．这位房主的新房子地下所含的是不会释放氡的岩石。