阅读下列有关黄土高原的材料，完成下列问题。材料一：黄土高原某地影像。
材料二：中科院地理科学与资源研究所专家对黄土高原多年的研究成果。
（1）黄土高原最大的生态问题是___________\_。导致这一生态问题的最主要的人为原因是_______________。
（2）从材料二表中可以得知：植被覆盖率与径流减少率的关系是________________。
（3）材料二反映了植被可以_____ A、使地表水下渗减少B、使侵蚀增加C、使含沙量减少D、使径流量大幅度减少
（4）黄土高原水土流失的治理可以采取哪些措施？_______________________________
阅读下面的材料，根据要求写一篇不少于800字的文章。
一百多年前，一位穷苦的牧羊人带着两个幼小的儿子以替别人放羊为生。
有一天他们赶着羊来到一个山坡上，一群大雁鸣叫着从他们头顶飞过，并很快消失在远方。牧羊人的小儿子问父亲：“大雁要往哪里飞？”牧羊人说：“它们要去一个温暖的地方，在那里安家，度过寒冷的冬天。”大儿子眨着眼睛羡慕地说：“要是我也能像大雁那样飞起来就好了。”小儿子也说：“要是做一只大雁该多好啊！”
牧羊人沉默了一会儿，然后对两个儿子说：“只要你们想，你们也能飞起来。”
两个儿子试了试，都没能飞起来，他们用怀疑的眼神看着父亲，牧羊人说：“让我飞给你们看。”于是他张开双臂，但也没能飞起来。可是，牧羊人肯定地说：“我因为年纪大了才飞不起来，你们还小，只要不断努力，将来就一定能飞起来，去你们想去的地方。”
两个儿子牢牢记住了父亲的话，并一直为此努力着。等他们长大——哥哥36岁，弟弟32岁时，他们果然飞起来了，因为他们发明了飞机。这两个人就是美国的莱特兄弟。
要求：选准角度，明确立意，自选文体，自拟标题，不得脱离材料内容及含意的范围作文，不要套作，不得抄袭。
仔细阅读下面一幅漫画，然后按要求作文。
要求：①立意不能偏离漫画的寓意。
②自拟标题，体裁不限（诗歌除外），不少于800字。
阅读下面的材料，根据要求作文。
有一天，几位学生怂恿苏格拉底去热闹的集市逛一逛。他们说：“集市里有数不清的新鲜玩意儿，您去了一定会满载而归。”第二天，学生们请苏格拉底讲一讲集市的收获。苏格拉底说：“此行我最大的收获，就是发现这个世界上原来有那么多我并不需要的东西。”
读完上面的材料，你有何联想和感悟？请据此写一篇议论文。
阅读下面的文字，按要求作文。（60分）（其中书写10分）
一支探险队进入撒哈拉沙漠腹地，队员们在茫茫的沙海里跋涉，口渴如炙，但大家的水都没了。这时，探险队长拿出一只水壶，说：“只有穿越沙漠之后才能喝这壶水。”一壶宝贵的水，成了穿越沙漠的信念之源。当探险队顽强地走出沙漠、挣脱死神之手时，队员们想喝一口那支撑他们的精神之水，可他们看到的却是满满的一壶沙子！
请根据上述材料的含义，写一篇不少于800字的文章。
【注意】①立意自定，题目自拟。②不得脱离材料内容的范围作文。③除诗歌外，文体自选。④不得抄袭、套作。
阅读理解。
I grew up in a house where the TV was seldom turned on and with one wall in my bedroom entirely lined with bookshelves, most of my childhood was spent on books I could get hold of. In fact, I grew up thinking of reading as natural as breathing and books unbelievably powerful in shaping perspectives （观点) by creating worlds we could step into, take part in and live in. With this unshakable belief, I, at fourteen, decided to become a writer. Here too, reading became useful. Every writer starts off knowing that he has something to say, but being unable to find the right ways to say it. He has to find his own voice by reading widely and discovering which parts of the writers he agrees or disagrees with, or agrees with so strongly that it reshapes his own world. He cannot write without loving to read, because only through reading other people's writing can one discover what works, what doesn't and, in the end, together with lots of practice, what voice he has. Now I am in college, and have come to realize how important it is to read fiction （文学作品). As a law student, my reading is in fact limited to subject matter-the volume （量) of what I have to read for classes every week means there is little time to read anything else. Such reading made it all the clearer to me that I live in a very small part in this great place called life. Reading fiction reminds me that there is life beyond my own. It allows me to travel across the high seas and along the Silk Road, all from the comfort of my own armchair, to experience, though secondhand, exciting experiences that I wouldn't necessarily be able to have in my lifetime.
What can be inferred about the author as a child？[ ]
A. He never watched TV. B. He read what he had to. C. He found reading unbelievable. D. He considered reading part of his life.
The underlined word "voice" in the second paragraph most probably means "_____".[ ]
A. an idea B. a sound quality C. a way of writing D. a world to write about
What effect does reading have on the author？[ ]
A. It helps him to realize his dream. B. It opens up a wider world for him. C. It makes his college life more interesting. D. It increases his interest in worldwide travel.
Which of the following can be the best title of this text？[ ]
A. Why do I read？ B. How do I read？ C. What do I read？ D. When do I read？