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Giant Structures
It is an impossible task to select the most amazing wonders of the modern world since every year more______(1)constructions appear. Here are three giant structures which are worthy of our admiration______(2)they may have been surpassed by some more recent wonders.
The Petronas Twin Towers
The Petronas Towers were the tallest buildings in the world when they were completed in 1999.______(3)a height of 452 metres,the tall twin towers,like two thin pencils,dominate the city of Kuala Lumpur. At the 41st floor,the towers are______(4)by a bridge,symbolizing a gateway to the city. The American architect Cesar Pelli designed the skyscrapers.
Constructed of high-strength concrete,the building______(5)around 1,800 square metres of office space on every floor. And it has a shopping centre and a concert hall at the base.Other______(6)of this impressive building include double-decker lifts,and glass and steel sunshades.
The Millau Bridge
The Millau Bridge was opened in 2004 in the Tarn Valley,in southern France. At the ______(7)it was built,it was the world,5 highest bridge,______(8)over 340m at the highest point. The bridge is described as one of the most amazingly beautiful bridges in the world. It was built to ________ (9) Millau's congestion（拥堵）problems. The congestion was then caused by traffic passing from Paris to Barcelona in Spain. The bridge was built to with-stand the______(10) extreme seismic（地震的）and climatic conditions. Besides , it is guar- anteed for 120 years!
The Itaipu Dam
The Itaipu hydroelectric power plant is one of the largest constructions of its kind in the world.
It______(11)of a series of dams across the River Parana,______(12)forms a natural border between Brazil and Paraguay. Started in 1975 and taking 16 years to complete, the construction was carried out as a joint project between the two______(13).The dam is well-known for both its electricity output and its size. In 1995 it produced 78% of Paraguay's and 25% Of Brazil's______(14)needs. In its construction,the amount of iron and steel used was equivalent to over 300 Eiffel Towers.It is a______(15)amazing wonder of engineering.
6._________
A: features
B: types
C: tasks
D: roles
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Drying Ways for Food
1.Centuries ago,man discovered that removing moisture from food helps to preserve it,and that the easiest way to do this is to expose the food to sun and wind.In this way the North American Indians produce pemmican(dried meat ground into powder and made into cakes),the Scandinavians make stockfish and the Arabs dried dates and"apricot leather".
2.All foods including water,cabbage and other leaf vegetables contain as much as 93%water, potatoes and other root vegetables 80%,lean meat 75%and fish,anything from 20%to 60%,depending on how fatty it is.If this water is removed,the activity of the bacteria which causes food to go bad is checked.
3.Fruit is sun-dried in Asia Minor,Greece,Spain and other Mediterranean countries,and also in California,South Africa and Australia. The methods used vary, but in general,the fruit is spread out on trays in drying yards in the hot sun.In order to prevent darkening,pears,peaches and apricots are exposed to the fumes of burning sulfur before drying. Plums,for making prunes, and certain varieties of grapes for making raisins and currants,are dipped in an alkaline solution in order to crack the skins of the fruit slightly and remove their wax coating,so as to increase the rate of drying.
4.Nowadays most foods are dried mechanically.The conventional method of such dehydration is to put food in chambers through which hot air is blown at temperatures of about 110℃at entry and to about 43℃at exit. This is the usual method for drying such things as vegetables,minced meat, and fish.
5.Liquids such as milk,coffee,tea,soups and eggs may be dried by pouring them over a heated steel cylinder,by spraying them into a chamber through which a current of hot air passes.In the first case,the dried material is scraped off the roller as a thin film which is then broken up into small,though still relatively coarse flakes.In the second process,it falls to the bottom of the chamber as a fine powder. Where recognizable pieces of meat and vegetables are required,as in soup, the ingredients are dried separately and then mixed.
6.Dried foods take up less room and weigh less than the same food packed in cans or frozen, and they do not need to be stored in special conditions.For these reasons they are invaluable to the climbers,explorers and soldiers in battle,who have little storage space.They are also popular with housewives because it takes so little time to cook them.Usually it is just a case of replacing the dried-out moisture with boiling water.
Paragraph 5______
A:Drying Fruit in the Traditional Way.
B:Food Drying Histrory.
C:Water in Food.
D:Drying of Liquid Food.
E:Advantages of Dry Food.
F: Mechanical Food Dehydration.
Drying Ways for Food
1.Centuries ago,man discovered that removing moisture from food helps to preserve it,and that the easiest way to do this is to expose the food to sun and wind.In this way the North American Indians produce pemmican(dried meat ground into powder and made into cakes),the Scandinavians make stockfish and the Arabs dried dates and"apricot leather".
2.All foods including water,cabbage and other leaf vegetables contain as much as 93%water, potatoes and other root vegetables 80%,lean meat 75%and fish,anything from 20%to 60%,depending on how fatty it is.If this water is removed,the activity of the bacteria which causes food to go bad is checked.
3.Fruit is sun-dried in Asia Minor,Greece,Spain and other Mediterranean countries,and also in California,South Africa and Australia. The methods used vary, but in general,the fruit is spread out on trays in drying yards in the hot sun.In order to prevent darkening,pears,peaches and apricots are exposed to the fumes of burning sulfur before drying. Plums,for making prunes, and certain varieties of grapes for making raisins and currants,are dipped in an alkaline solution in order to crack the skins of the fruit slightly and remove their wax coating,so as to increase the rate of drying.
4.Nowadays most foods are dried mechanically.The conventional method of such dehydration is to put food in chambers through which hot air is blown at temperatures of about 110℃at entry and to about 43℃at exit. This is the usual method for drying such things as vegetables,minced meat, and fish.
5.Liquids such as milk,coffee,tea,soups and eggs may be dried by pouring them over a heated steel cylinder,by spraying them into a chamber through which a current of hot air passes.In the first case,the dried material is scraped off the roller as a thin film which is then broken up into small,though still relatively coarse flakes.In the second process,it falls to the bottom of the chamber as a fine powder. Where recognizable pieces of meat and vegetables are required,as in soup, the ingredients are dried separately and then mixed.
6.Dried foods take up less room and weigh less than the same food packed in cans or frozen, and they do not need to be stored in special conditions.For these reasons they are invaluable to the climbers,explorers and soldiers in battle,who have little storage space.They are also popular with housewives because it takes so little time to cook them.Usually it is just a case of replacing the dried-out moisture with boiling water.
Paragraph 5______
A:Drying Fruit in the Traditional Way.
B:Food Drying Histrory.
C:Water in Food.
D:Drying of Liquid Food.
E:Advantages of Dry Food.
F: Mechanical Food Dehydration.
共用题干
第一篇
Walking to Exercise the Brain
Do you think sitting and studying all the time will improve your grades?Think again.Getting some exer-
cise may help,too.
New research with old people suggests that taking regular walks helps them pay attention better than if
they didn't exercise.
Previous research had shown that mice learn,remember,and pay attention better after a few weeks of
working out on a running wheel.Mice that exercise have greater blood flow to the brain than those who don't.
Their brain cells also make more connections.
Neuroscientists（神经科学家）from the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign wanted to find out if
the same thing is true for people.First,they measured the physical fitness of 41 adults,ages 58 to 77,after
each person walked 1 mile.Then,participants looked at arrows on a computer screen and had to use computer
keys to show which way one particular arrow was pointing.
Adults who were physically fit were faster at the arrow task,and their answers were just as accurate as
their less-fit peers,the researchers found.The fitter participants also had more blood flow to a part of their
brain responsible for paying attention and making decisions.
In a second study , 15 elderly people who completed a 6-month aerobic-training（有氧运动）course were
faster at attention tasks compared with 14 seniors who just did stretching and toning exercises（韵律操）for
the same amount of time.
So,even going for a walk every 2 or 3 days for just 10 to 45 minutes can help.That should be good news
for the elderly.
The effects of exercising on the brains of younger people haven't been studied yet. Still,it can't hurt to
take occasional breaks and go for a walk or run around with friends.Whatever you do,though,don't try to
read and walk at the same time.You could end up hurting yourself!
The first study on 41 elderly people found______________.
A:the less-fit participants did arrow tasks faster
B:the fitter participants did arrow tasks faster
C:the less-fit participants gave more accurate answers
D:the fitter participants gave more accurate answers
第一篇
Walking to Exercise the Brain
Do you think sitting and studying all the time will improve your grades?Think again.Getting some exer-
cise may help,too.
New research with old people suggests that taking regular walks helps them pay attention better than if
they didn't exercise.
Previous research had shown that mice learn,remember,and pay attention better after a few weeks of
working out on a running wheel.Mice that exercise have greater blood flow to the brain than those who don't.
Their brain cells also make more connections.
Neuroscientists（神经科学家）from the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign wanted to find out if
the same thing is true for people.First,they measured the physical fitness of 41 adults,ages 58 to 77,after
each person walked 1 mile.Then,participants looked at arrows on a computer screen and had to use computer
keys to show which way one particular arrow was pointing.
Adults who were physically fit were faster at the arrow task,and their answers were just as accurate as
their less-fit peers,the researchers found.The fitter participants also had more blood flow to a part of their
brain responsible for paying attention and making decisions.
In a second study , 15 elderly people who completed a 6-month aerobic-training（有氧运动）course were
faster at attention tasks compared with 14 seniors who just did stretching and toning exercises（韵律操）for
the same amount of time.
So,even going for a walk every 2 or 3 days for just 10 to 45 minutes can help.That should be good news
for the elderly.
The effects of exercising on the brains of younger people haven't been studied yet. Still,it can't hurt to
take occasional breaks and go for a walk or run around with friends.Whatever you do,though,don't try to
read and walk at the same time.You could end up hurting yourself!
The first study on 41 elderly people found______________.
A:the less-fit participants did arrow tasks faster
B:the fitter participants did arrow tasks faster
C:the less-fit participants gave more accurate answers
D:the fitter participants gave more accurate answers
In judging our work you should take into consideration the fact that we have been very busy recently.
A:thought
B:account
C:mind
D:brain
A:thought
B:account
C:mind
D:brain
共用题干
Smoking can Increase Depressive Symptoms in Teens
While some teenagers may use cigarettes to "self-medicate"（自我治疗）against the blues（忧郁）,sci-
entists at the University of Toronto and the University of Montreal have found that smoking may actually
______________
(51)depressive symptoms in some teens.
"This observational study is one of the few to examine the perceived ______________(52)benefits of
smoking among teens,"says lead researcher Michael Chaiton,a research associate at the Ontario Tobacco
Research Unit of the University of Toronto."_______________(53)cigarettes may appear to have self-medicating
effects or to improve mood,in the long_______________(54)we found that teens who started to smoke reported
higher depressive symptoms."
As part of the study,some 662 high school teenagers completed up to 20 questionnaires about their use
of cigarettes to ______________
(55)mood.Secondary schools were selected to provide a mix of French and
English participants,urban and rural schools,and schools ______________(56)in high,moderate and low so-
cioeconomic neighbourhoods.
Participants were divided into three
______________ (57):never smokers;smokers who did not use ciga-
rettes to self-medicate,improve mood or physical
______________ (58);smokers who used cigarettes to self-
medicate.Depressive symptoms were measured using a scale that asked how often participants felt too tired
to do things;had
______________ (59)going to sleep or staying asleep;felt unhappy,sad,or depressed;felt
hopeless about the future;felt anxious or tense;and worried too much about things.
" Smokers who used cigarettes as mood
______________( 60 ) had higher risks of elevated（提升）depres-
sive symptoms______________ (61)teens who had never smoked,"says co-researcher Jennifer O'Loughlin,a
professor at the University of Montreal Department of Social and Preventive Medicine."Our study found that
teen smokers who reported emotional benefits from smoking are_______________(62)higher risk of developing
depressive symptoms."
The______________ (63)between depression and'smoking exists______________(64)among teens that use
cigarettes to feel better."It's ______________(65)to emphasize that depressive symptom scores were higher
among teenagers who reported emotional benefits from smoking after they began to smoke,"says Dr. Chaiton.
_________(57)
A:groups
B:sets
C:species
D:versions
Smoking can Increase Depressive Symptoms in Teens
While some teenagers may use cigarettes to "self-medicate"（自我治疗）against the blues（忧郁）,sci-
entists at the University of Toronto and the University of Montreal have found that smoking may actually
______________
(51)depressive symptoms in some teens.
"This observational study is one of the few to examine the perceived ______________(52)benefits of
smoking among teens,"says lead researcher Michael Chaiton,a research associate at the Ontario Tobacco
Research Unit of the University of Toronto."_______________(53)cigarettes may appear to have self-medicating
effects or to improve mood,in the long_______________(54)we found that teens who started to smoke reported
higher depressive symptoms."
As part of the study,some 662 high school teenagers completed up to 20 questionnaires about their use
of cigarettes to ______________
(55)mood.Secondary schools were selected to provide a mix of French and
English participants,urban and rural schools,and schools ______________(56)in high,moderate and low so-
cioeconomic neighbourhoods.
Participants were divided into three
______________ (57):never smokers;smokers who did not use ciga-
rettes to self-medicate,improve mood or physical
______________ (58);smokers who used cigarettes to self-
medicate.Depressive symptoms were measured using a scale that asked how often participants felt too tired
to do things;had
______________ (59)going to sleep or staying asleep;felt unhappy,sad,or depressed;felt
hopeless about the future;felt anxious or tense;and worried too much about things.
" Smokers who used cigarettes as mood
______________( 60 ) had higher risks of elevated（提升）depres-
sive symptoms______________ (61)teens who had never smoked,"says co-researcher Jennifer O'Loughlin,a
professor at the University of Montreal Department of Social and Preventive Medicine."Our study found that
teen smokers who reported emotional benefits from smoking are_______________(62)higher risk of developing
depressive symptoms."
The______________ (63)between depression and'smoking exists______________(64)among teens that use
cigarettes to feel better."It's ______________(65)to emphasize that depressive symptom scores were higher
among teenagers who reported emotional benefits from smoking after they began to smoke,"says Dr. Chaiton.
_________(57)
A:groups
B:sets
C:species
D:versions
共用题干
The iPad
1 The iPad is a tablet computer（平板电脑）designed and developed by Apple. It is par-ticularly marketed as a platform for audio and visual media such as books,periodicals（期刊）,movies,music,and games,as well as web content. At about 1 .5 pounds(680 grams), its size and weight are between those of most contemporary smartphones and laptop comput-ers.Apple released the iPad in April 2010,and sold 3 million of the devices in 80 days.
2 The iPad runs the same operating system as iPod Touch and iPhone. It can run its own applications as well as ones developed for iPhone. Without modification,it will only run pro-grams approved by Apple and distributed via its online store.
3 Like iPhone and iPod Touch,the iPad is controlled by a multitouch display一a break from most previous tablet computers, which uses a pressure-triggered stylus（触控笔）.The iPad uses a Wi-Fi data connection to browse（浏览）the Internet, load and stream media, and install software. Some models also have a 3G wireless data connection which can connect to GSM 3G data networks. The devices is managed and synchronized（同步）by iTunes on a per-sonal computer via USB cable.
4 An iPad has different features and applications one can use to execute different and in-teresting things. There are lots of iPad applications that the owner can use to enhance the way they communicate. Some of these are how to use social networking sites and other online options.One of the most common uses is for e-mail services. iPad applications like Markdown Mail allow the adoption of specific and particular options. They enable the owner to personal-ize their email accounts.
5 While the iPad is mostly used by consumers it also has been taken up by business us-ers. Some companies are adopting iPads in their business offices by distributing or making available iPads to employees.Examples of uses in the workplace include lawyers responding to clients,medical professionals accessing health records during patient exams,and manag-ers approving employee requests.A survey by Frost Sullivan shows that iPad usage in work-places is linked to the goals of increased employees productivity,reduced paperwork,and in-creased revenue.
Paragraph 2______
A: Online Stores
B: Differences from iPhone
C: Display and Data Connection
D: Business Usage
E: Features and Applications
F: Operating System
The iPad
1 The iPad is a tablet computer（平板电脑）designed and developed by Apple. It is par-ticularly marketed as a platform for audio and visual media such as books,periodicals（期刊）,movies,music,and games,as well as web content. At about 1 .5 pounds(680 grams), its size and weight are between those of most contemporary smartphones and laptop comput-ers.Apple released the iPad in April 2010,and sold 3 million of the devices in 80 days.
2 The iPad runs the same operating system as iPod Touch and iPhone. It can run its own applications as well as ones developed for iPhone. Without modification,it will only run pro-grams approved by Apple and distributed via its online store.
3 Like iPhone and iPod Touch,the iPad is controlled by a multitouch display一a break from most previous tablet computers, which uses a pressure-triggered stylus（触控笔）.The iPad uses a Wi-Fi data connection to browse（浏览）the Internet, load and stream media, and install software. Some models also have a 3G wireless data connection which can connect to GSM 3G data networks. The devices is managed and synchronized（同步）by iTunes on a per-sonal computer via USB cable.
4 An iPad has different features and applications one can use to execute different and in-teresting things. There are lots of iPad applications that the owner can use to enhance the way they communicate. Some of these are how to use social networking sites and other online options.One of the most common uses is for e-mail services. iPad applications like Markdown Mail allow the adoption of specific and particular options. They enable the owner to personal-ize their email accounts.
5 While the iPad is mostly used by consumers it also has been taken up by business us-ers. Some companies are adopting iPads in their business offices by distributing or making available iPads to employees.Examples of uses in the workplace include lawyers responding to clients,medical professionals accessing health records during patient exams,and manag-ers approving employee requests.A survey by Frost Sullivan shows that iPad usage in work-places is linked to the goals of increased employees productivity,reduced paperwork,and in-creased revenue.
Paragraph 2______
A: Online Stores
B: Differences from iPhone
C: Display and Data Connection
D: Business Usage
E: Features and Applications
F: Operating System