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The Day a Language Died
When Carlos Westez died at the age of 76,a language died,too.Westez,more commonly known as Red Thunder Cloud,was the last speaker of the Native American language,Catawba.Anyone who wants to hear various songs of the Catawba can contact the Smithsonian Institution in Washington,D.C.,where, back in the 1940s,Red Thunder Cloud recorded a series of songs for future generations.______(46) They are all that is left of the Catawba language.The language that people used to speak is gone forever.
We are all aware of the damage that modern industry can do to the world's ecology（生态）.However, few people are aware of the impact that widely spoken languages have on other languages and ways of life.English has spread all over the world.Chinese,Spanish,Russian,and Hindi have become powerful languages,as well.______(47)When this happens,hundreds of languages that are spoken by only a few people die out.
Scholars believe there are about 6 ,000 languages around the world,but more than half of them could die out within the next 100 years.There are many examples.Araki is a native language of the island of Vanuatu,located in the Pacific Ocean.It is spoken by only a few older adults,so like Catawba,Araki will soon disappear.Many languages of Ethiopia will have the same fate because each one has only a few speakers.______(48)In the Americas,100 languages,each of which has fewer than 300 speakers,also are dying out.
Red Thunder Cloud was one of the first to recognize the threat of language death and to try to do something about it.He was not actually born into the Catawba tribe,and the language was not his mother tongue.______(49)The songs he sang for the Smithsonian Institution helped to make Native American music popular.Now he is gone,and the language is dead.
What does it mean when a language disappears? When a plant or insect or animal species dies,it is easy to understand what we've lost and to appreciate what this means for the balance of the natural world.However,language is only a product of the mind.To be the last remaining speaker of a language,like Red
Thunder Cloud,must be a lonely destiny,almost as strange and terrible as being the last surviving member of a dying species.______(50)
_______(47)
A:Some people might want to try to learn some of these songs by heart.
B:Papua New Guinea is an extremely rich source of different languages,but more than 100 of them are in danger of extinction（灭绝）.
C:However,he was a frequent visitor to the Catawba reservation in South Carolina,where he learned the language.
D:These languages don't have many native speakers.
E:For the rest of us,when a language dies,we lose the possibility of a unique way of seeing and describing the world.
F:As these languages become more powerful,their use as tools of business and culture increases.
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第二篇
Crystal Ear
One day a friend asked my wife Jill if I wanted a hearing aid."He certainly does,"
replied Jill.After hearing about a remarkable new product,Jill finally got up the nerve to
ask me if I'd ever thought about getting a hearing aid."No way,"I said."It would make me
look 20 years older.""No,no,"she replied."This is entirely different.It's Crystal Ear!"
Jill was right. Crystal Ear is different一not the old-styled body worn or over-the-ear aid,
but an advanced personal sound system so small that it's like contacts（隐形眼镜）for your
ears.And Crystal Ear is super-sensitive and powerlul,too.You will hear sounds your ears
have been missing for years.Crystal Ear will make speech louder,and the sound is pure
and natural.
I couldn't believe how tiny it is.It is smaller than the tip of my little finger and it's almost
invisible when worn. There are no wires,no behind-the-ear device. Put it in your ear and
its ready-to-wear mold（形状）fits comfortably. Since it's not too loud or too tight , you
may even forget that you're wearing it!Use it at work or at play.And if your hearing
problem is worse in certain situations,use Crystal Ear only when you need it.
Hearing loss,which occurs typically prior to teenage years,progresses throughout
one's lifetime.Although hearing loss is now the world's number one health problem,nearly
90 percent of people suffering hearing loss choose to leave the problem untreated.For
many millions,treating hearing loss in a conventional way can involve numerous office
visits,expensive testing and adjustments to fit your ear. Thanks to Crystal Ear,the
"sound solution"is now convenient.Almost 90 percent of people with mild hearing loss,
and millions more with just a little hearing drop-off（下降）,can be dramatically helped with
Crystal Ear. Moreover,its superior design is energy-efficient,so batteries can last
months.Crystal Ear is now available to help these people treat their hearing loss with a
small hearing amplifier（放大器）.
According to the passage,hearing loss is
A:only a minor health problem.
B:the world's most common health problem.
C:merely a teenage disease.
D:an incurable disease.
第二篇
Crystal Ear
One day a friend asked my wife Jill if I wanted a hearing aid."He certainly does,"
replied Jill.After hearing about a remarkable new product,Jill finally got up the nerve to
ask me if I'd ever thought about getting a hearing aid."No way,"I said."It would make me
look 20 years older.""No,no,"she replied."This is entirely different.It's Crystal Ear!"
Jill was right. Crystal Ear is different一not the old-styled body worn or over-the-ear aid,
but an advanced personal sound system so small that it's like contacts（隐形眼镜）for your
ears.And Crystal Ear is super-sensitive and powerlul,too.You will hear sounds your ears
have been missing for years.Crystal Ear will make speech louder,and the sound is pure
and natural.
I couldn't believe how tiny it is.It is smaller than the tip of my little finger and it's almost
invisible when worn. There are no wires,no behind-the-ear device. Put it in your ear and
its ready-to-wear mold（形状）fits comfortably. Since it's not too loud or too tight , you
may even forget that you're wearing it!Use it at work or at play.And if your hearing
problem is worse in certain situations,use Crystal Ear only when you need it.
Hearing loss,which occurs typically prior to teenage years,progresses throughout
one's lifetime.Although hearing loss is now the world's number one health problem,nearly
90 percent of people suffering hearing loss choose to leave the problem untreated.For
many millions,treating hearing loss in a conventional way can involve numerous office
visits,expensive testing and adjustments to fit your ear. Thanks to Crystal Ear,the
"sound solution"is now convenient.Almost 90 percent of people with mild hearing loss,
and millions more with just a little hearing drop-off（下降）,can be dramatically helped with
Crystal Ear. Moreover,its superior design is energy-efficient,so batteries can last
months.Crystal Ear is now available to help these people treat their hearing loss with a
small hearing amplifier（放大器）.
According to the passage,hearing loss is
A:only a minor health problem.
B:the world's most common health problem.
C:merely a teenage disease.
D:an incurable disease.
The high-speed trains can have a major impact on our lives.
A:effort
B:problem
C:concern
D:influence
A:effort
B:problem
C:concern
D:influence
I don't quite follow what she is saying.
A: observe
B: understand
C: explain
D: describe
A: observe
B: understand
C: explain
D: describe
共用题干
The Biology of Music
Humans use music as a powerful way to communicate.It may also play an important role in love.But what is music,and how does it work its magic?Science does not yet have all the answers.
What are two things that make humans different from animals?One is language,and the other is music. It is true that some animals.can sing(and many birds sing better than a lot of people).However,the songs of animals,such as birds and whales,are very limited.It is also true that humans,not animals,have developed musical instruments.
Music is strange stuff.It is clearly different from language.However,people can use.music to communicate things-especially their emotions.When music is combined with speech in a song,it is a very powerfnl form of communication.But,biologically speaking,what is music?
If music is truly different from speech,then we should process music and language in different parts of the brain.The scientific evidence suggests that this is true.
Sometimes people who suffer brain damage lose their ability to process language.However,they don't automatically（自动地）lose their musical abilities.For example , Vissarion Shebalin , a Russian composer , had a stroke（中风）in 1953.It injured the left side of his brain.He could no longer speak or understand speech.He could,however,still compose music until his death ten years later.On the other hand,sometimes strokes cause people to lose their musical ability,but they can still speak and understand speech.This shows that the brain processes music and language separately.
By studying the physical effects of music on the body，scientists have also learned a lot about how music influences the emotions.But why does music have such a strong effect on us?That is a harder question to answer.Geoffrey Miller,a researcher at University College,London,thinks that music and love have a strong connection.Music requires -special talent,practice,and physical ability.That's why it may be a way of showing your fitness to be someone's mate.For example,singing in tune or playing a musical instrument requires fine muscular control.You also need a good memory to remmher the notes（音符）.And playing or singing those notes correctly suggests that your hearing is in excellent condition.Finally,when a man sings to the woman he loves(or vice versa),it may be a way of showing off.
However,Miller's theory still doesn't explain why certain combinations of sounds influence our emotions so deeply.For scientists,this is clearly an area that needs fuither research.
The author doesn't suggest that______.
A:music requires special talent
B:music requires practice
C:music requires psychological ability
D:music requires physical ability
The Biology of Music
Humans use music as a powerful way to communicate.It may also play an important role in love.But what is music,and how does it work its magic?Science does not yet have all the answers.
What are two things that make humans different from animals?One is language,and the other is music. It is true that some animals.can sing(and many birds sing better than a lot of people).However,the songs of animals,such as birds and whales,are very limited.It is also true that humans,not animals,have developed musical instruments.
Music is strange stuff.It is clearly different from language.However,people can use.music to communicate things-especially their emotions.When music is combined with speech in a song,it is a very powerfnl form of communication.But,biologically speaking,what is music?
If music is truly different from speech,then we should process music and language in different parts of the brain.The scientific evidence suggests that this is true.
Sometimes people who suffer brain damage lose their ability to process language.However,they don't automatically（自动地）lose their musical abilities.For example , Vissarion Shebalin , a Russian composer , had a stroke（中风）in 1953.It injured the left side of his brain.He could no longer speak or understand speech.He could,however,still compose music until his death ten years later.On the other hand,sometimes strokes cause people to lose their musical ability,but they can still speak and understand speech.This shows that the brain processes music and language separately.
By studying the physical effects of music on the body，scientists have also learned a lot about how music influences the emotions.But why does music have such a strong effect on us?That is a harder question to answer.Geoffrey Miller,a researcher at University College,London,thinks that music and love have a strong connection.Music requires -special talent,practice,and physical ability.That's why it may be a way of showing your fitness to be someone's mate.For example,singing in tune or playing a musical instrument requires fine muscular control.You also need a good memory to remmher the notes（音符）.And playing or singing those notes correctly suggests that your hearing is in excellent condition.Finally,when a man sings to the woman he loves(or vice versa),it may be a way of showing off.
However,Miller's theory still doesn't explain why certain combinations of sounds influence our emotions so deeply.For scientists,this is clearly an area that needs fuither research.
The author doesn't suggest that______.
A:music requires special talent
B:music requires practice
C:music requires psychological ability
D:music requires physical ability
共用题干
Women's minds work differently from men's.At least,that is what most men are convinced of. Psychologists view the subject either as a matter of frustration or a joke.Now the biologists have moved into this minefield,and some of them have found that there are real differences between the brains of men and women.But being different,they point out hurriedly,is not the same as being better or worse.
There is,however,a definite structural variation between the male and female brain.The difference is in a part of the brain that is used in the most complex intellectual processes一the link between the two halves of the brain.
The two halves are linked by a trunk line of between 200 and 300 million nerves,the corpus callosum.Scientists have found quite recently that the corpus callosum in women is always larger and probably richer in nerve fibres than it is in men.This is the first time that a structural difference has been found between the brains of women and men and it must have some significance.The question is"What?",and,if this difference exists,are there others?Research shows that present-day women think differently and behave differently from men.Are some of these differences biological and inborn,a result of evolution?We tend to think that is the influence of society that produces these differences.But could we be wrong?
Research showed that these two halves of the brain had different functions,and that the corpus callosum enabled them to work together. For most people,the left half is used for word-handling, analytical and logical activities;the right half works on pictures,patterns and forms.We need both halves working together. And the better the connections,the more harmoniously the two halves work.And,according to research findings,women have the better connections.
But it isn't all that easy to explain the actual differences between skills of men and women on this basis.In schools throughout the world girls tend to be better than boys at"language subjects" and boys better at maths and physics.If these differences correspond with the differences in the hemispheric trunk line,there is an unalterable distinction between the sexes.
We shan't know for a while,partly because we don't know of any precise relationship between abilities in school subjects and the functioning of the two halves of the brain,and we cannot understand how the two halves interact via the corpus callosum.But this striking difference must have some effect and,because the difference is in the parts of the brain involved in intellect,we should be looking for differences in intellectual processing.
Biologists are conducting research where psychologists have given up.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
Women's minds work differently from men's.At least,that is what most men are convinced of. Psychologists view the subject either as a matter of frustration or a joke.Now the biologists have moved into this minefield,and some of them have found that there are real differences between the brains of men and women.But being different,they point out hurriedly,is not the same as being better or worse.
There is,however,a definite structural variation between the male and female brain.The difference is in a part of the brain that is used in the most complex intellectual processes一the link between the two halves of the brain.
The two halves are linked by a trunk line of between 200 and 300 million nerves,the corpus callosum.Scientists have found quite recently that the corpus callosum in women is always larger and probably richer in nerve fibres than it is in men.This is the first time that a structural difference has been found between the brains of women and men and it must have some significance.The question is"What?",and,if this difference exists,are there others?Research shows that present-day women think differently and behave differently from men.Are some of these differences biological and inborn,a result of evolution?We tend to think that is the influence of society that produces these differences.But could we be wrong?
Research showed that these two halves of the brain had different functions,and that the corpus callosum enabled them to work together. For most people,the left half is used for word-handling, analytical and logical activities;the right half works on pictures,patterns and forms.We need both halves working together. And the better the connections,the more harmoniously the two halves work.And,according to research findings,women have the better connections.
But it isn't all that easy to explain the actual differences between skills of men and women on this basis.In schools throughout the world girls tend to be better than boys at"language subjects" and boys better at maths and physics.If these differences correspond with the differences in the hemispheric trunk line,there is an unalterable distinction between the sexes.
We shan't know for a while,partly because we don't know of any precise relationship between abilities in school subjects and the functioning of the two halves of the brain,and we cannot understand how the two halves interact via the corpus callosum.But this striking difference must have some effect and,because the difference is in the parts of the brain involved in intellect,we should be looking for differences in intellectual processing.
Biologists are conducting research where psychologists have given up.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned