Recently a number of cases have been reported of young children（ ）a violent act previously seen on television.

A.modifying B.accelerating C.duplicating D.simulating

If you want to set up a company, you must （ ）with the regulations laid down by the authorities.

Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, particularly one that upsets the old assumptions that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California’s advice. Enough of the implications are discernible, even obvious, so that the justice can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.They should start by discarding California’s lame argument（强词夺理）that exploring the contents of a smart phone--- a vast storehouse of digital information---is similar to say, going through a suspect’s purse. The court has ruled that police don’t violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or pocket book, of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one’s smart phone is more like entering his or her home. A smart phone may contain an arrestee’s reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of “cloud computing”, meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy. But keeping sensitive information on these devices is increasingly a requirement of normal life. Citizens still have a right to expect private documents to remain private and protected by the Constitution’s prohibition on unreasonable searches.As so often is the case, stating that principle doesn’t ease the challenge of line-drawing. In many cases, it would not be overly onerous（麻烦的）for authorizes to obtain a warrant to search through phone contents. They could still invalidate Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while a warrant is pending. The court, though, may want to allow room for police to cite situations where they are entitled to more freedom.But the justices should not swallow California’s argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution’s protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a digital necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.1.The Supreme Court, will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to（ ）.2.The author’s attitude toward California’s argument is one of（ ）.3.The author believes that exploring one’s phone content is comparable to （ ）.4.In Paragraph 5 and 6, the author shows his concern that（ ）.5.Orin Kerr’s comparison is quoted to indicate that（ ）.

As the climate in the Middle East changed beginning around 7000 B. C” conditions emerged that led to a more complex and advanced form of civilization in both Egypt and of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in Mesopotamia became drier, producing river-side lands that were both habitable and fertile, and attracting settlers armed with the newly developed technique of agriculture. This migration was further encouraged by the gradual transformation of the once-hospitable grasslands of these regions into deserts. Human population became increasingly concentrated into pockets of settlement scattered along the banks of the great rivers.The rivers profoundly shaped the way of life along their banks. In Mesopotamia, the management of water in conditions of unpredictable drought, flood, and storm became the central economic and social challenge. Villagers began early to build simple earthworks, dikes, canals, and ditches to control the waters and reduce the opposing dangers of drought during the dry season (usually the spring) and flooding at the harvest time.Such efforts required a degree of cooperation among a large number of people that had not previously existed. The individual village, containing only a dozen or so houses and families, was economically vulnerable; but when several villages, probably under the directions of a council of elders, learned to share their human resources in the building of coordinated network of water-control systems, the safety, stability, and prosperity of all improved. In this new cooperation, the seeds of the great Mesopotamian civilizations were being sown.Technological and mathematical invention, too, were stimulated by life along the rivers. New devices were first developed here for use in irrigation systems. Similarly, the earliest methods of measurement and computation and the first developments in geometry were stimulated by the need to keep track of land holdings and boundaries in fields that were periodically inundated.The livers served as high roads of earliest commerce. Traders used boats made of bundles of rushes to transport grains, fruits, fibers, and textiles from one village to another, transforming the rivers into the central spines of nascent commercial kingdoms. Trade expanded surprisingly widely; we have evidence suggesting that, even before the establishment of the first Egyptian dynasty, goods were being exchanged between villagers in Egypt and others as far as Iran.Similar developments were occurring at much the same time along the great river valleys in other parts of the world ---- for example, along the Indus in India and Hwang Ho in China. The history of early civilization has been shaped to a remarkable degree by the relationship of humans and rivers.

1. The primary purpose of the passage is to explain（ ）.2.Which of the following social effects did the unpredictability of water supplies in Mesopotamia have?3. The earliest geometers were supported primarily by（ ）.4. It can be inferred from the passage that the emergence of complex civilizations in the Middle East was dependent upon the previous development of（ ）.5. The author refers to emerging civilizations in India and China primarily in order to emphasize（ ）.

TranslatethefollowingpartintoEnglish.

和平发展是中国特色社会主义的必然选择。要坚持开放的发展、合作的发展、共贏的发展，通过争取和平国际环境发展自己，又以自身发展维护和促进世界和平，扩大同各方利益汇合点，推动建设持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界。

Land belongs to the city; there is（ ）tiling as private ownership of land.