Passage 1There are people who are especially attracted to the notion of "climbing the ladder" so as toincrease their status, financial position, and sense of self-worth. In part, as a result of the work ethic,these people are internally "driven" to work. Not infrequently, foreign visitors have observed thatAmericans spend an inordinate amount of time working and, as a consequence, Americans havelittle time for leisure or personal relationships. In American English a new word "workaholic" hasbeen created to describe an individual who is as addicted to work as an alcoholic is to liquor.There are conflicting points of view about workaholics. Those concerned with problems ofmental stress believe workaholics abuse themselves physically and mentally. Others hold thatworkaholics are valuable members of society because they are extremely productive. The Americansculture values achievement, efficiency, and production--a workaholic supports these values.Despite the presence of workaholics, there is a growing realization in the United States thatexcessive work demands can be physically and mentally harmful. Many people have been rebellingagainst the work ethic, claiming that when a job is so important, personal relationships suffer andrelaxation becomes secondary. Consequently there has been a shift in values, with more emphasisbeing given to personal relationships and non-work activities.Increased leisure time in the United States has not changed the idea that work and play aredistinct activities. "There is a belief that it is desirable" to work hard and play hard, and undesirable tocombine the two. In many offices, stores and factories socializing among employees is discouraged.An employee under pressure at work often cannot afford to respond to social calls and visits.However, the amount of personal contact on the job depends on the nature of the work.People are ambivalent toward work; it is, at the same time. glorified and belittled. In the wordsof former President Richard Nixon: "The ′work ethic′ holds that labor is good in itself; that a manor woman becomes a better person by virtue of the act of working. America′s competitive spirit, thework ethic′ of this people, is alive and well ..." Another viewpoint is expressed in an Anacincommercial:"I like my job and am good at it, but it sure grinds me down sometimes, and the lastthing I need to take home is a headache."The difference between Nixon′s view of work and the view expressed on the TVcommercial forAnacin is that__________.
A.the former is true; the latter is falseB.the former is a fact; the latter is an opinionC.the former is a glorification of work; the latter is notD.the former is an opinion; the latter is a fact

Passage 1There are people who are especially attracted to the notion of "climbing the ladder" so as toincrease their status, financial position, and sense of self-worth. In part, as a result of the work ethic,these people are internally "driven" to work. Not infrequently, foreign visitors have observed thatAmericans spend an inordinate amount of time working and, as a consequence, Americans havelittle time for leisure or personal relationships. In American English a new word "workaholic" hasbeen created to describe an individual who is as addicted to work as an alcoholic is to liquor.There are conflicting points of view about workaholics. Those concerned with problems ofmental stress believe workaholics abuse themselves physically and mentally. Others hold thatworkaholics are valuable members of society because they are extremely productive. The Americansculture values achievement, efficiency, and production--a workaholic supports these values.Despite the presence of workaholics, there is a growing realization in the United States thatexcessive work demands can be physically and mentally harmful. Many people have been rebellingagainst the work ethic, claiming that when a job is so important, personal relationships suffer andrelaxation becomes secondary. Consequently there has been a shift in values, with more emphasisbeing given to personal relationships and non-work activities.Increased leisure time in the United States has not changed the idea that work and play aredistinct activities. "There is a belief that it is desirable" to work hard and play hard, and undesirable tocombine the two. In many offices, stores and factories socializing among employees is discouraged.An employee under pressure at work often cannot afford to respond to social calls and visits.However, the amount of personal contact on the job depends on the nature of the work.People are ambivalent toward work; it is, at the same time. glorified and belittled. In the wordsof former President Richard Nixon: "The ′work ethic′ holds that labor is good in itself; that a manor woman becomes a better person by virtue of the act of working. America′s competitive spirit, thework ethic′ of this people, is alive and well ..." Another viewpoint is expressed in an Anacincommercial:"I like my job and am good at it, but it sure grinds me down sometimes, and the lastthing I need to take home is a headache."The reason why some people don′ t socialize with their co-workers on the job is that__________ .
A.they consider work and play separate activitiesB.they have nothing in common with their fellow workersC.they feel that socializing with them well create problems at homeD.they feel that socializing with them may result in emotional problems

Passage 1There are people who are especially attracted to the notion of "climbing the ladder" so as toincrease their status, financial position, and sense of self-worth. In part, as a result of the work ethic,these people are internally "driven" to work. Not infrequently, foreign visitors have observed thatAmericans spend an inordinate amount of time working and, as a consequence, Americans havelittle time for leisure or personal relationships. In American English a new word "workaholic" hasbeen created to describe an individual who is as addicted to work as an alcoholic is to liquor.There are conflicting points of view about workaholics. Those concerned with problems ofmental stress believe workaholics abuse themselves physically and mentally. Others hold thatworkaholics are valuable members of society because they are extremely productive. The Americansculture values achievement, efficiency, and production--a workaholic supports these values.Despite the presence of workaholics, there is a growing realization in the United States thatexcessive work demands can be physically and mentally harmful. Many people have been rebellingagainst the work ethic, claiming that when a job is so important, personal relationships suffer andrelaxation becomes secondary. Consequently there has been a shift in values, with more emphasisbeing given to personal relationships and non-work activities.Increased leisure time in the United States has not changed the idea that work and play aredistinct activities. "There is a belief that it is desirable" to work hard and play hard, and undesirable tocombine the two. In many offices, stores and factories socializing among employees is discouraged.An employee under pressure at work often cannot afford to respond to social calls and visits.However, the amount of personal contact on the job depends on the nature of the work.People are ambivalent toward work; it is, at the same time. glorified and belittled. In the wordsof former President Richard Nixon: "The ′work ethic′ holds that labor is good in itself; that a manor woman becomes a better person by virtue of the act of working. America′s competitive spirit, thework ethic′ of this people, is alive and well ..." Another viewpoint is expressed in an Anacincommercial:"I like my job and am good at it, but it sure grinds me down sometimes, and the lastthing I need to take home is a headache."Why have some people begun to place less emphasis on work and more on non-work activities
A.Because they realize that work is not useful.B.Because they realize that leisure time should be enjoyed.C.Because they realize that excessive work demands can be harmful to their health.D.Because they realize that having friends is not as necessary as working.

Passage 2The common cold is the world′ s most widespread illness, which is plague that flesh receives.The most widespread fallacy of all is that colds caused by cold. They are not. They are causedby viruses passing on from person to person. You catch a cold by coming into contact, directly orindirectly, with someone who already has one. If cold causes colds, it would be reasonable to expectthe Eskimos to suffer from them forever. But they do not. And in isolated arctic regions explorershave reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from theoutside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes.During the First World War soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches, cold and wet,showed no increased tendency to catch colds.In the Second World War prisoners at the notorious Auschwitz concentration camp, naked andstarving, were astonished to find that they seldom had colds. At the Common Cold Research Unit inEngland, volunteers took part in Experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts ofbeing cold and wet for long stretches of time. After taking hot baths, they put on bathing suits,allowed themselves to be with cold water, and then stood about dripping wet in drafty room. Somewore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion. Not one of thevolunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose.If, then, cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds, why are they more frequent in thewinter Despite the most pains-taking research, no one has yet found the answer. One explanationoffered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at othertimes, and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on.No one has yet found a cure for the cold. There are drugs and pain suppressors such as aspirin,but all they do is relieve the symptoms.The author cites the Eskimos not suffering from common colds forever to indicate __________.
A.common colds are more severe than other plaguesB.viruses are the factors causing common coldsC.common colds are full of mythD.the idea that cold leads to colds doesn' t stand up

Passage 2The common cold is the world′ s most widespread illness, which is plague that flesh receives.The most widespread fallacy of all is that colds caused by cold. They are not. They are causedby viruses passing on from person to person. You catch a cold by coming into contact, directly orindirectly, with someone who already has one. If cold causes colds, it would be reasonable to expectthe Eskimos to suffer from them forever. But they do not. And in isolated arctic regions explorershave reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from theoutside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes.During the First World War soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches, cold and wet,showed no increased tendency to catch colds.In the Second World War prisoners at the notorious Auschwitz concentration camp, naked andstarving, were astonished to find that they seldom had colds. At the Common Cold Research Unit inEngland, volunteers took part in Experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts ofbeing cold and wet for long stretches of time. After taking hot baths, they put on bathing suits,allowed themselves to be with cold water, and then stood about dripping wet in drafty room. Somewore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion. Not one of thevolunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose.If, then, cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds, why are they more frequent in thewinter Despite the most pains-taking research, no one has yet found the answer. One explanationoffered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at othertimes, and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on.No one has yet found a cure for the cold. There are drugs and pain suppressors such as aspirin,but all they do is relieve the symptoms.The passage mainly discusses __________.
A.the experiments on the common coldB.the cures about the common coldC.why and how people catch coldsD.the continued spread of common colds

Passage 2The common cold is the world′ s most widespread illness, which is plague that flesh receives.The most widespread fallacy of all is that colds caused by cold. They are not. They are causedby viruses passing on from person to person. You catch a cold by coming into contact, directly orindirectly, with someone who already has one. If cold causes colds, it would be reasonable to expectthe Eskimos to suffer from them forever. But they do not. And in isolated arctic regions explorershave reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from theoutside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes.During the First World War soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches, cold and wet,showed no increased tendency to catch colds.In the Second World War prisoners at the notorious Auschwitz concentration camp, naked andstarving, were astonished to find that they seldom had colds. At the Common Cold Research Unit inEngland, volunteers took part in Experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts ofbeing cold and wet for long stretches of time. After taking hot baths, they put on bathing suits,allowed themselves to be with cold water, and then stood about dripping wet in drafty room. Somewore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion. Not one of thevolunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose.If, then, cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds, why are they more frequent in thewinter Despite the most pains-taking research, no one has yet found the answer. One explanationoffered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at othertimes, and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on.No one has yet found a cure for the cold. There are drugs and pain suppressors such as aspirin,but all they do is relieve the symptoms.Which of the following does not agree with the passage
A.The Eskimos do not suffer from colds all the time.B.Colds are not caused by cold.C.People suffer from colds just because they like to stay indoors.D.A person may catch a cold by touching someone who already has one.