求证：.

下列说法中，关于婴幼儿阶段的描述正确的是( )。

A、脑重量已经接近于成年人的水平

B、婴幼儿能够控制自己的身体以达到某种目的

C、开始形成内部语言

D、自我意识经历游戏伙伴阶段、退缩阶段、自我意识的出现阶段

目前国家的宏观调控基本实现了由直接调控向间接调控转变。（　　）

A、对

B、错

Passage2Come on-Everybody's doing it. That whispered message，half invitation and half forcing，is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good-drinking，drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club，Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure，in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word.Rosenberg，the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize，offers a host of examples of the social cure inaction: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigaretes  uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as loveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.The idea seems promising, and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many public-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize per pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology."Dare to be different, please don't smoke!" pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The most glaring flaw of the social cure as its presented here is that it doesn't work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut. Evidence that the loveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.There's no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits-as well as negative ones-spread through networks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. It's like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic never really works. And that's the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.The author suggests in the last paragraph that the effect of peer pressure is________.

A、harmful

B、desirable

C、profound

D、questionable

Passage2If you come to Australia，leave your naughty habits at the door. If you live here，get back in your box.The Australian government announced in the Federal Budget on Tuesday that it will be slogging smokers top dollar for a pack of ciggies.Right now，they cost on average A$25（$18.91）to A$30 for a packet of 20 or 25 cigarettes，which would already seem like highway robbery to anyone living in any other country on earth. Now，the government will be increasing the cost of cigarettes by 12.5%annually for four years. The increase will smack smokers in September each year.If you work off a packet costing AS25 today，by 2020 it will set you back a hefty AS40.So unless you are living in a life of luxury，it is probably going to break the bank. Must be time to read the "How to stop smoking" book your old neighbor Dave recommended in 2012.If you think you'll just bring the cigarettes in through the duty free back door，think again. The government is reducing the amount of cigarettes you can bring into the county from 50 cigarettes to 25 cigarettes. Not 25 packs，25 individual cigarettes. That's one packet.This price hike will earn the government A$4.7 billion and it will take the tax excise on cigarettes to almost 69% of the average price of a cigarette currently. This is in line with recommendations from the World Health Organization, which advised governments to increase tax by 70% so that it becomes unaffordable."These changes will improve the health of Australians by reducing their exposure to tobacco products and will ensure that tobacco products consumed domestically are fully taxed and comply with Australian regulations. "the government noted in the budget papers.This increase will see Australia remaining easily the most expensive place in the world for smokers. In 2015, cigarettes in the city of Melbourne cost 142% more than in New York. Cigarettes in Sydney were 130% more, according to a Deutsche Bank report.Australia already has plain packaging laws, which see cigarettes wrapped in generic mould green color and slapped with a photograph of a dying baby.No more sneaky ciggies for you, casual smoker!What is the passage trying to inform us?

A、The Australian government will be placing high tax on smokers.

B、The harmful effects of smoking on smokers.

C、The benefits the government and the people of Australia can gain from the tax on cigarettes.

D、The government is reducing the amount of cigarettes you can bring into country.

Sante fe, New Mexico multimillionaire Fortest Fenn has always loved a good adventure.As a small child before eight, he and his brother, Skippy spent summer vacations making exploration in Yellowstone National Park. As a teen, Fenn idolized the decorated World War n fighter pilot, called Robin Olds and latter emulated his hero during The Vietnam War as an Air fighte.pilot to go to New Mexico and settled there as an arts and antiques dealer, hunting down valuable paintings, rugs, war memorabilia, and other antique to sell. In 1998, Fenn was diagnosecl with terminal kidney cancer.As he had always been doing, he conceived a grand adventured that he assumed would be his last one."I wanted to create some excitement, some hope, before I died," says Fenn, 82, adding that he also wanted to"get kids out of the game room and off the couch." With those ideas in his mind, he started to devise a treasurehunt. Little by little, Fenn began stocking a small bronze chest with gold coins, prehistoric bracelets and other valuable things.When his cancer went into remission in 1993, he decided he would carryout his plan anyway. In 2010, Fenn the chest with jewels and valuable stones and hid it somewhere deep in the Rocky Mountains, north of Sante Fe.Later that year, he wrote a poem for his self-published memoir, The Thrill of the Chase.It contained nine clues about the treasure box's whereabouts.One stanza reads like this: Begin it where warm waters halt/And take it in the canyon down/Not far, but too far to walk/Put in below the home of Brown. A few months later, a story about the treasure appeared in a magazine.Since then, Fenn has received thousands of e-mails from treasure hunters.Some request more clues to the box.But mostly "people thanked me for bringing their family together," he says with a self-comforting smile on his face. In April, Fenn told a crowd at an Albuquerque bookstore that two groups of treasure hunters had gotten within 500 feet of the chest."They walked right by it," he said. Fenn is confident that the treasure will be unearthed eventually and says it will take the right combination of cunning and perseverance."It will be discovered by someone who has read the clues carefully and successfully.But nobody is going to happen upon it," he predicts. He hopes that whoever finds the loot will relish the riches and the adventure of finding them.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined phrase"topped off" in PARAGRAPH FIVE?

A、 Filled.

B、 Covered.

C、 Fixed.

D、 Decorated.