Being the boss might mean more money and challenging work but it can also cause damage to physical and mental well-being, according to a Canadian study. For years studies have shown people in lower-status jobs generally have higher rates of heart disease and other illnesses and die earlier than those in higher-status positions while job authority has shown no relationship with workers’ health. But University of Toronto researchers, using data from 1,800 US workers, found the health of people in higher positions is affected by work as they are more likely to report conflicts with co-workers and say work disturbs their home life. However, the positive aspects of having a power position at work, such as higher status, more pay and greater independence, seemed to cancel out the negative aspects when it came to people’s physical and psychological health. These latest findings, reported in the journal Social Science & Medicine, suggest that the advantages and disadvantages authority positions basically cancel each other out, giving the general impression that job authority has no health effects. For the study, the researchers surveyed participants about various aspects of their work, life and well-being. Job authority was judged based on whether a person managed other employees and had power over hiring, firing and pay. Physical health complaints included problems like headaches, body aches, heartburn and tiredness. Psychological complaints included sleep problems, difficulty concentrating and feelings of sadness, worry and anxiety. “This isn’t to suggest that having authority is ‘bad’—in fact, we show it has benefits ... but it is important to identify the negative sides and deal with them.” researcher Scott Schieman said. Schieman said conflicts with co-workers or involvement of work into home life may destroy at physical and mental well-being by creating stress. “These are key stressors that can tax individuals’ ability to function effectively,” Schieman said.
Work will have a negative effect on job authority’s health probably because ______.A. they are not fit for their work B. they have power over hiring and pay C. they are faced with severe competition D. they don’t get on well with their co-workers
Most people don’t see that bosses have health effects because ______.A. their health problems are not serious enough to see B. they have enough money to keep themselves healthy C. their problems are quite different from those of workers D. the advantages and disadvantages of their status work against each other
From the passage we can infer that the study aims to _____.A. warn people not to be a boss for ever B. remind the boss to deal with the bad effects of their work C. show that having authority is harmful to one’s health D. prove that being a boss can benefit a lot
The best title for this passage might be ________.A. Lower-status can affect health B. Authority can affect health C. Positive aspects of a power position D. Disadvantages of being a boss
第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1．5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36～55各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A businesswoman got into a taxi in midtown. As it was the rush hour and she was in a 36__ to catch a train, she 37 a quick way to reach it. “I have been a taxi driver for 15 years!” the driver said 38 . “You don’t think I know the best way to go？”
The woman tried to explain that she hadn’t 39 to annoy him, but the driver kept 40 . She finally realized that he was too annoyed to be 41 , so she changed her 42 . “You know, you are right,” she told him. “It must seem 43 for me not to think you know the best way __44 the city.”
45 , the driver glanced at his 46 in the rearview mirror, turned down the street she wanted and got her to the train on time. “He didn’t say another word the rest of the ride,” she said, “ 47 I got out and paid him. Then he thanked me.”
When you find yourself 48 with people like the taxi driver, you will always try to __49_ your idea. It can lead to longer arguments, lose job chances or 50 marriages. I have discovered one simple 51 extremely unlikely method that can prevent the disagreement or other difficult situations from 52 in a disaster.
The 53 is to put yourself in the other person’s shoes and look for the 54 in what that person is saying. Find a way to 55 , and the result may surprise you.
下图表示人体和人体细胞内某些信息传递机制的模式图，图示中箭头表示信息传递的方向。下列有关叙述中，正确的是
[ ]
A．如果该图表示反射弧，则其中的信息是以局部电流的形式传导的B．如果该图中的a为下丘脑、b为垂体、c为甲状腺，则c分泌的甲状腺激素增加到一定程度后，对a分泌d、b分泌e具有抑制作用C．如果该图表示细胞中遗传信息传递过程，则d过程只可发生于细胞核内D．如果该图表示细胞免疫过程，则a为效应T细胞，b为靶细胞，c代表抗体
It’s Friday morning in the year of 2050, and you’re running late. You got distracted（分心) watching the music video that was playing in the corner of your bathroom mirror while you were brushing your teeth. How will you get to your office on time？ A quick check of your internet-connected refrigerator magnet tells your train, which travels at speeds up to 230 miles an hour, is a bit behind schedule, too. So you decide to drive your environmentally-friendly hydrogen fuel cell car instead, or rather, let your car drive you. It’s programmed to know the way, and it will get you there without speeding, getting lost, or crashing. Settling into your office chair, which changes colour to match what you’re wearing, you pick up yesterday morning’s newspaper. Printed on reusable electronic paper, it instantly rewrites itself with today’s headlines. Now it’s time for your big meeting. Uh-oh! You’ve left your handwritten notes at home. No problem. The digital ink pen you used has stored an electronic copy of what you wrote. Your wristwatch videophone suddenly rings. Your best friend’s face pops up on the organic light-emitting diode screen asking what you’re doing this weekend. “Will you slap on your 3-D contact lenses and play virtual soccer with the US Olympic team？” “No, no,” Your friend says, “I want to take the elevator which is made of microscopic fibers many times stronger than steel to get into space.” Could this scene really take place in just a couple of decades？ The researchers who are currently developing all this stuff think so. These gadgets（器械) may be as common in 20 years as cell phones and DVD players are today.
According to the passage, ______.A. your office colour will change to that of what you’re wearing B. newspapers will go electronic C. you usually go to work by car D. the digital ink pen makes writing so easy
You decide to use your hydrogen fuel cell car because ______.A. it is safe, quick and comfortable B. it is environmentally-friendly C. your train is late for some reason D. you are too late to catch your train
What will life be like in the year of 2050 according to the passage？A. Space tourism will be a reality. C. Transportation will be trouble-free. B. Videophones will replace face-to-face communication. D. People will have more time to go in for their hobbies.
C
Everyone needs friends. There is an old saying, “Friends are God’s way of taking care of us.” But how do you find real friendship and keep it？
The American writer Sally Seamans tells young students some smart ways to find friends. Sally says finding friendship is just like planting a tree. You plant the seed（种子) and take care of it to make it grow.
First, you should choose a friend. What makes a good friend？ It is not because a person has money or good looks. A good friend should be kind and patient（耐心). For example, if you have a bad day, a good friend should listen to your complaints and do his best to help. To make a good friend, you cannot be too shy. You should make each other happy and share your lives.
But things cannot always be happy. Even the best friends have fights. What should you do when you have a fight with your friend？ You have to talk to him or her. When there is no one around, have an honest talk. If he or she doesn’t want to talk, you could write a letter.
There are three steps to being friends again:
Tell him or her how you are feeling; say what your friend has done wrong, and explain why you did this or that. Remember that friendship is the most important thing in your life.
49 Sally wants to tell students the ways to_____.
A find friends B plant trees C get happy D keep fit
50 What makes good friends？ A good friend should_____.
A be lovely and cool B be kind and patient
C have lots of money D have good looks
51 According to the text, you can________your friend after a fight.
A buy a present for B never say a word to
C have dinner with D write a letter to
52 What is the best title of the text？
A Teenagers and friendship. B The good friends around you.
C The trouble of growing up. D The care and keeping of friends.
完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）
My son was badly hurt in a fire. After he 36 from a series of treatments, the doctors told him they would not do any operation for six months 37 it took long for the skin to stop shrinking. So, he had to return to college with a visible 10-inch 38 on his face.
I said to my son, “Keaton, 39 will pay any more attention to your scar 40 you do. If it does not bother you, it will not bother 41 .” He took my advice to heart and returned to school with his head 42 high — glad he was alive.
43 , everyone has scars and shortcomings. Some of you may spend much time thinking that people 44 like you better, if you looked different, or dressed differently, or could have a different and newer 45 .
But you see, like Keaton’s scar, people will only judge you by your looks, or your 46 , or your car, if you are judging yourself by these same false 47 .
One of my friends in college was very 48 . At first, when people met him, they noticed his 49 for about 10 seconds. But this man felt good about himself and spent most of his time 50 about other people’s comfort and welfare. 51 , people ignored his looks. What people 52 was his kindness and his concern for them. He didn’t act in an ugly way so people didn’t 53 him an ugly man.
Therefore, concentrate on 54 you value with yourself, because if you can see that beautiful person, everyone you are in contact with will see the same 55 .
36．
A．cured B．recovered C．improved D．returned
37．
A．because B．though C．until D．before
38．
A．cut B．wound C．injure D．scar
39．
A．none B．anyone C．everyone D．no one
40．
A．as B．like C．than D．when
41．
A．yet B．still C．too D．either
42．
A．put B．held C．taken D．hung
43．
A．After all B．In conclusion C．In fact D．Above all
44．
A．will B．would C．can D．may
45．
A．house B．telephone C．job D．car
46．
A．clothes B．hairstyle C．figure D．salary
47．
A．means B．standards C．comments D．rules
48．
A．smart B．optimistic C．rude D．ugly
49．
A．manners B．expressions C．looks D．actions
50．
A．inquiring B．asking C．knowing D．caring
51．
A．Completely B．Gradually C．Obviously D．Suddenly
52．
A．wanted B．understood C．brought D．saw
53．
A．regard B．look C．consider D．treat
54．
A．what B．that C．which D．how
55．
A．kindness B．concern C．beauty D．perfection